America

Question 1

Order of control in American Colonies

Answer 1

1. British crown
2. Royal Governor
3. Council + colonial Assembly

Question 2

Role of british crown in America

Answer 2

Could pass laws for taxes and appointed the governor

Question 3

Role of the Governor in America

Answer 3

Oversaw trade
Could dismiss Assembly
Had to approve laws
Could Veto laws

Question 4

Role of the council (America)

Answer 4

Appointed by the Govenor and acts as the highest court

Question 5

Role of colonial assembly (America)

Answer 5

Waas elected by eligbale colonists

Question 6

Differences between the upper and lower house in America

Answer 6

Upper was appointed by the governor to revise whereas lower was assembled by landowning men and controlled governor’s pay

Question 7

Significance of Salutary Neglect

Answer 7

British powers rarely intervened and oversaw trade

British assumed colonies would follow laws passed in London as well as laws formed by the assemblies however british laws often did not affect them

Question 8

Navigation Acts effect on America

Answer 8

1654
Tightened Govt. control over trade within the colony
Trade conducted via english ships
Supervised imports and Exports
Switch to mercantilism limited the colonies trade

Question 9

American policy on passing Trade laws

Answer 9

The govt. could only pass trade laws if the people consented in a majority vote for the new tax

Question 10

Summary of causes - 10 key points

Answer 10

Salutary neglect
Navigation acts
Enlightenment ideology of freedom and human rights
Boston massacre 1770
The stamp act 1765
Townshend Duties 1767
Taxation without representation
The Tea Act 1773
Boston Tea Party 1773
Coercive acts

Question 11

Stamp Act

Answer 11

1765
Stamp act was forced upon the colonies without consent

The tax funded British soldiers on american soil - the colonists saw this as funding their oppression however the British saw it as protecting the colony from Natives

Resulted in boycotts of british products and protests

Question 12

Influence of Enlightenment ideas

Answer 12

Coined by John Locke - ideas of liberty and freedoms inspired the movement, individualism and a distrust of British rule

Thomas Paine’s pamphlet ‘common sense’ in 1776 helped to influence the idea

Question 13

Townshend duties

Answer 13

1767
Forced tax on imports such as paper, Tea, china

Resulting in further distrust of the British
Popularised enlightenment ideas
Resentment towards British troops

Question 14

Siginificance of ‘No taxation without representation’

Answer 14

1767 the colonial assemblies denounced the duties
Massachusetts assembly urged people to resist
Ideological tension

Question 15

Boston Massacre

Answer 15

1770
Led by sons of liberty, an attack on british soldiers who shot and killed 5 protestors

no war due to
The repeal of townshend duties, existence of British Loyalists and a lack of unity

SOns of liberty were also seen as radicals

Question 16

Effect of economic boycotts 1768-9

Answer 16

Unification of colonies against the british
Economic and ideological tension

Question 17

Tea Act

Answer 17

1773
In order to save East India company they granted the right to export tea directly to the colonies for the cheapest price, beating prices of even tea smugglers

Americans saw this as an attack on their liberties and the British were trying to buy out their rights triggering the boston tea party

Question 18

Boston Tea party and the coercive acts

Answer 18

1774
Port of Boston closed until tea was repaid back
All murder trials were transferred to England
In Massachusetts the governor could dismiss local leaders and replace with appointed members
British soldiers could be housed (Quartering act)

Question 19

Battle of Lexington and Concord

Answer 19

1775
American troops intended to retreat but fired and battle broke out

Question 20

What was the significance of the Second Continental Congress?

Answer 20

Coordinated the revolutionary war, staging military attacks and creating the continental army in 1775
Proposed the olive branch petition
Adopted the declaration of independence 1776

Question 21

Battle of Bunker Hill

Answer 21

1775
Although the British eventually won the battle, it was a Pyrrhic victory that lent considerable encouragement to the revolutionary cause

American army lacked skills and arms

Question 22

Loss of Saratoga significance

Answer 22

The Battle of Saratoga was a series of two battles fought in 1777 between the American and British armies in upstate New York. The battle is considered a turning point in the American Revolution because it led to a military alliance between France and the United States

Question 23

Significance of Yorktown

Answer 23

Surrender at Yorktown 1781
Combined victory between American and french troops led by George washington

Question 24

Economic effects of the loss of American Colonies

Answer 24

The American Revolutionary War was expensive, leaving Britain with a massive national debt (around £250 million), which increased taxation and strained government finances.

Temporarily disrupted trade

A shift for trade to focus on other colonies, also increased imperialism expansion in africa and asia

Question 25

Political effects of the loss of American Colonies

Answer 25

Humiliating loss for Britain Lord North's government fell quickly after, political landscape became unstable Changed the structure of future colonies

Question 26

What were the imperial effects of the loss of American Colonies

Answer 26

Switch to focus on other colonies such as Canada, India, Australia More Strategic and Economic Empire: Rather than just settler colonies Britain focused on economic dominance, using trade and naval power to expand in Asia and Africa. Emergence of Free Trade Imperialism: Instead of controlling large settler colonies, Britain emphasized economic control over regions like Latin America, China, and Africa through trade, diplomacy, and military force.

Question 27

American Strengths

Answer 27

Familiar with the land, they used guerrilla tactics, ambushes, and hit-and-run attacks French and Spanish military and naval support, e.g french navy were crucial in trapping the british during Yorktown Fighting for ideology the American colonists had a strong ideological commitment to independence, liberty, and self-governance

Question 28

What were British weaknesses and how did they contribute to the loss of the colonies?

Answer 28

British had to stretch out their supply lines, reinforcements took a longer amount of time to arrive from London, communication was slow and unreliable Poor military leaders Generals like William Howe, John Burgoyne, and Henry Clinton The British public grew tired of war costs and high taxes.