America and WWII Flashcards
Once France surrendered in June 1940, Congress would approve the ______ ______ __ _______ ___. This act would serve as the first ________ ____ in American history.
Selective Training and Service Act, peacetime draft
In 1940, the Department of Agriculture transferred over _________ acres to the War Department deemed for the construction of _______ ______.
350,000, military bases
New recruits were given physical examinations and injections against ______ and ______.
Smallpox, typhoid
At the start of the war, the US military was ________
Segregated
______ ______ were organized into their own units, but white officers generally commanded them.
African Americans
The _______ ______ launched the “_____ __” campaign to stop the racism at home and Hitler’s racism abroad.
Pittsburgh Courier, Double V
FDR promoted Colonel _______ __ _____ __, the highest-ranking African Americans officer to the rank of _________ _______.
Benjamin O. Davis Sr., brigadier general
In early 1941, the Air Force created its first African American Unit, the ____ ________ ______, the pilots would be known as the ______ ______.
99th pursuit squadron, Tuskegee Airmen
The airmen helped win the _____ __ ____ in Italy.
Battle of Anzio
Three other Tuskegee squadrons known as the _____ ______ _____ would protect American bombers.
332nd Fighter Group
Also, there were the African American ____ ___ ______ which was used in the Battle of ___ ____.
761st Tank Battalion, the Bulge
As the war raged, second-generation Japanese Americans served in the ____ _____ ______and the ____ _____ _____ ____.
100th Infantry Battalion, 442nd Regimental Combat Team.
At the end of the war __ Hispanic Americans had received the ______ ___ ___ _____.
17, Congressional Medal of Honor
More than ____ Navajo marines served as “___ _____” relaying critical information and orders over field radios in their native language.
400, code talkers
Congress first allowed women in the military May 1942 by creating the _______ _____ ______ _____ ( ? )
Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps, WAAC
About a year later, the army replaced the WAAC with the _____ ____ ____( ? )
Women’s Army Corps, WAC
About 300 women serving as ____ ___ _____ _____ _____ ( ? ) made more than 12,000 flights to deliver planes to the war effort.
Women Air force Service Pilots ( WASPs )
FDR would create the ______ ______ ______ _____ that business leaders would serve on.
National Defense Advisory Committee
The government would sign _____-___ ______, agreeing to pay a company the cost to make a product plus a guaranteed percentage as profit.
Cost-plus contracts
____-_____ is a government contract to pay a manufacturer the cost to produce an item plus a guaranteed percentage.
Cost-plus
Congress would authorize the _________ _____ ________ ( ? ) to make loans to companies wanting to convert to war production.
Reconstruction Finance Corporation ( RFC )
The _______ industry was uniquely suited to mass-producing military goods.
Automobile
Automobile factories produced r____, h______, a_____, t____, j____, t____ and other military equipment.
rifles, helmets, artillery, trucks, jeeps, tanks
Henry ____ created an assembly line near _____ for the _-__ “_______” _____.
Ford, Detroit, B-24 Liberator bomber
Ford’s remarkable achievement in aircraft production was more than matched by Henry ______’s _______.
Kaiser, shipyards
Kaiser’s shipyards built many kinds of ships, but they were best known for basic cargo ships called _____ _____.
Liberty Ships
FDR created the ___ ________ _____to direct priorities and production goals for military factories.
War Production Board
Mobilizing the economy finally ended the Great Depression, creating __ _____ new jobs and _______the average family’s income.
19 million, doubling
Under pressure to produce, employers began to recruit _____ and _______.
Women, minorities
The great symbol of the campaign to hire women was “_____ ___ ______”, a character from a popular song by the ___ _______.
Rosie the Riveter, Four Vagabonds
__ _____ _______, the head of the _______ __ _______ ___ _____ a major union for African American railroad workers decide to try and secure jobs for African Americans.
A. Philip Randolph, Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
On June 25, 1941, FDR issued _______ _____ ____ which stated, “ There shall be no discrimination in the employment of workers in defense industries or government because of race, creed, color, or national origin.”
Executive Order 8802
To enforce the order, FDR created the ___ _______ ____ _______, the first federal civil rights agency since Reconstruction.
Fair Employment Practices Commission
The growth of southern California and cities in the Deep South created a new industrial region known as the _______.
Sunbelt
In 1942, FDR created the _______ _____ _____ (?) to coordinate government housing programs.
National Housing Agent ( NHA )
In Los Angeles, the fear of juvenile crime and racism against ______ _______ became linked in the “____ _____” riots.
Mexican Americans, Zoot suit
_____ ____ had very baggy, pleated pants, and an overstuffed, knee-length jacket with wide lapels.
Zoot suits
______ _____ had no vest, no cuff, a short jacket, and narrow lapel.
Victory suits
After the attack on Pearl Harbor, FDR signed an order allowing the ___ ________ to declare any part of the US a ______ _____.
War Department, military zone
People of ________ ancestry were evacuated to __ ________ camps further inland.
Japanese, 10, internment
In 1988, _____ ______ apologized to Japanese Americans on behalf of the US government and signed legislation granting ______ to surviving Japanese Americans who had been interned.
Ronald Reagan, $20,000
Worried about inflation, FDR created the ______ of _____ ________ and _____ ____ (?) and the ______ of ________ ________ (?) to regulate wages and certain prices.
Office of Price Administration and Civilian Supply (OPACS) and the Office of Economics Stabilization (OES)
The __ _____ _____ (?) tried to prevent strikes.
War Labor Board
_____ began ______, or ______ the purchases of many products to make sure enough were available for military use.
OPACS, rationing, limiting
M___, s_____, f___, o___, p______ f____, c_____, s____, and g______ were rationed.
Meat, sugar, fats, oils, processed foods, coffee, shoes, and gasoline
The government encouraged ______ ______ by praising them in film reels, pamphlets, and official statements.
Victory gardens
The government would also organize scrap drives for r____, t__, a______, and s____.
Rubber, tin, aluminum, and steel
In 1942, President Roosevelt created the _____ of ___ __________ (?)
Office of War Information (OWI)
The ___s role was to improve the public’s understanding of the war and to act as a liaison office with the various media.
OWI
Admiral _____ _____ was the commander of the United States Navy in the Pacific.
Chester Nimitz
A few hours after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Japanese attacked ______ airfields in the ________.
American, Philippines
General _____ _______ was the commander over the US forces in the Philippines.
Douglas MacArthur
78,000 men were forced to march 65 miles to a Japanese prison camp known as the ______ _____ _____.
Bataan Death March
FDR wanted to bomb _____, but American planes could reach it only if an aircraft carrier brought them close enough.
Tokyo
In early 1942, a military planner suggested replacing the carrier’s usual short-range bombers with long-range __-__ _____ that could attack from further out.
B-25 bombers
