American History A Semester Exam Review Flashcards
(124 cards)
1
Q
Bessemer Process
A
developed by Henry Bessemer and William Kelly to change iron into steel by injecting air into molten iron to remove carbon impurities
2
Q
Andrew Carnegie
A
Monopoly in the steel industry
3
Q
John Rockefeller
A
Monopoly in oil
4
Q
Credit Mobiler
A
Stockholders in the Union Pacific formed their own construction company
5
Q
Collective Bargaining
A
both sides get together to work on a contract
6
Q
Thomas Edison
A
first research laboratory, perfected the incandescent lightbulb, phonograph
7
Q
Vertical Integration
A
Controlling all aspects of the business from the ground up
8
Q
Monopoly
A
Controlling everything
9
Q
George Pullman
A
Responsible for sleeper cars
10
Q
Items needed to be industrialized
A
Money, natural resources, investors, inventions and innovations, population
11
Q
Alexander Graham Bell
A
Invented the telephone
12
Q
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
A
Made it illegal to form a trust that interfered with free trade between states or with other countries
13
Q
American Federation of Labor
A
Samuel Gompers; craft unionism; collective bargaining
14
Q
Horizontal Integration
A
process of buying out the competition
15
Q
End of Chapter 6
A
YEET
16
Q
Steerage
A
Lowest and cheapest passage on ships
Lack of space and air, uncomfortable
17
Q
Nativism
A
Believe that people born in the U.S were superior to people who immigrated
18
Q
Settlement Houses
A
Community centers in the slum designed to help immigrants
Learned to read
Gain skills for jobs
Assistance with child rearing
19
Q
Tweed Ring (William Marcy)
A
Leader of Tammy hall in New York Powerful democrat Corrupt politician Defrauded NY One instance of his corruption cost tax payers $10 million
20
Q
Ellis Island
A
Immigrants arrived on the East Coast
21
Q
Urbanization
A
The growing of cities
22
Q
Gilded Age
A
Era that looked prosperous on the outside but the internal structure of society was crumbling
23
Q
Civil Service Exam
A
–Law passed stating that those individuals wanting a government job must take a test and qualify for the job.
24
Q
Melting Pot
A
The mixture of many cultures in the U.S
25
Tenements
Small houses for the poor
26
Mass Transit
A transpirational system that moves large numbers of people
27
End of Chapter 7
YEET X2
28
Wright Brothers (Orville and Wilbur)
Bicycle manufactures from ohio.
Designed and flew the first byplane
29
Plessy V. Ferguson
Separate but equal
30
Poll Tax
Voting tax designed to keep African Americans from voting
31
Eastman
Introduced the Kodak camera
32
Mark Twain
Famous novelist who wrote the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer
33
Sears & Roebuck
First Mail order catalog
34
Jim Crow Laws
Laws that mandates a separation of blacks and whites
35
W.E.B DuBois
Believed that blacks should seek their position in society first
36
Marshall Fields
First department store
| Give the Lady what she wants
37
That's it for Chapter 8
YEET X10
38
16nd Amendment
Granted income tax
39
Teen Years of 9 Amendment
Women's right to vote
40
Mueller V. Oregon
Protected women against large corporation
| Limited work hours to 10 hours a day
41
Pure Food and Drug Act
Halted the sale of contaminated food and drugs
42
17nd Amendment
Election if senators by the people
43
Muckrakers
Journalist that expose the evils in society
44
Suffrage
The right to vote
45
Upton Sinclair
Muckraker
Wrote the Jungle
Exposed the meatpacking industry
46
18th Amendment
Prohibition
47
Robert LaFollette
"Fighting Bob"
| Focused on the railroad by tasting railroad industries the same as other business property.
48
Theodore Roosevelt
Vice President under Mckinley until he was assassinated
Hard to handle
Rough rider in Spanish American war
49
Woodrow Wilson- ask teacher
"New Freedom" was his political platform
Attacked trust, tariffs, and high finances
50
End of Chapter 9
Ye-Ye-YEET
51
Imperialism
Desire for more land
52
U.S.S Maine
U.S. Ship sent to Cuba to bring home U.S. Citizens in danger from the fighting
Blew up in the Havana
Killed 260 men
Blamed the Spanish
53
Open Door Policy?
Borders are open to anyone
54
Platt Amendment
After the Spanish American war
Cuba could not make treaties
The U.S. reserved the right to intervene in Cuba
Cuba could not go into debt that its government could not pay
The U.S. Could buy or lease land on the island for fueling stations or navel bases
55
Alfred Mahan
In order for the U.S. to become a powerful nation it had to build up its navy
56
Rough Riders/ Roosevelt ?
He was the rough rider of the Spanish American war and led the charge on San Juan Hill
57
Boxer Rebellion
Resentful over foreigners in China triggered a secret society to be formed
Get rid of Chinas "Foreign Devils"
In the rebellion thousands died and it was unsuccessful
58
Roosevelt Corollary
Addition to the Monroe doctrine
Warned that we would exercise our military forces if their were and disorders in Latin America
U.S would use military force to protect its interest
59
Queen Liliuokalani
Queen of Hawaii
60
Protectorate
A country who's affairs are controlled by another country
61
Panama Canal
Two proposed sites were Nicaragua and panama
| Used to cut shipping time
62
And Of Chapter 10
YEET X100
63
Lusitania
A luxury liner ship that was torpedoed by Germans
64
Trench warfare
Fighting in dugout trenches in the ground
65
Sussex pledge
The Germans would not sink merchant ships without helping the passengers off first
66
Nationalism
Pride in ones country
| Intense dedication to ones country
67
Zimmerman Note
Germans tried to get Mexico to distract the U.S. In return it would get its land back that it lost in the Spanish American War.
68
Propaganda
Exaggerate stories similar to yellow journalism
69
Archduke Ferdinand
Heir to the Australian throne
| Assassinated that was the spark of WW1
70
Militarism
Focused on armed forces
| Increasing the number of troops
71
Selective Service Act
Draft authorized my congress
| Males between 21-30 must sign up for the military
72
Ultimatum
"Do it or else"
| A final statement from one party to another
73
Terms of Treaty of Versailles
Reduction of armaments
No Navy
No Air Force
Limited army
74
League of Nations
International organization to help keep peace
75
End of Chapter 11
YEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEET
76
Anarchist
People who do not believe in any for of government
77
Installment plan
Buying a product and paying for it over an extended period of time
78
Henry Ford
Created the Model T
Assembly line
$5 a day
Car becomes the backbone of the American Economy
79
Speakeasy
Illegal bars
80
Babe Ruth
"Sultan of Swat"
Famous home run hitter
Played for the NY Yankees
Hit over 60 home runs in 1927
81
John Scopes
Was tried for teaching evolution in a Tennessee public school
Found guilty
Had to pay a fine of $100
82
Louis Armstrong
Jazz era trumpet player
Part of big jazz bands
One of the most influential musicians in U.S. History
83
Warren Harding_
President of the U.S.
Teapot Dome Scandal
Tariffs raised 60%
Died while president
84
Quota System
System that established a maximum number of people entering the U.S.
85
Al Capone
```
Mobster of Chicago
"Scar Face"
Responsible for St. Valentine's Day massacre
Went to jail for tax evasion
Died of syphilis
```
86
Model T
Backbone of the U.S economy
Assembly line
$5 a day
87
Bootlegging
People that smuggled alcohol in the U.S.
88
Charles Lindbergh
Flew nonstop from NY to Paris in The Spirit of ST.Louis
Famous hero
Son was kidnapped
89
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Famous writer and used reality in his writings
| Used the negative side of the period
90
Harlem Renaissance
Literary and artistic movement that celebrated African American culture
91
Teapot Dome Scandal
One of the worst Scandals during Warren G. Harding presidency
Trying to sell of oil
92
Red Scare
Hit the U.S. After the Bolshevik revolution
Established a new communist state
Communism wanted to rid capitalism everywhere
General Mitchell started Palmer raids
93
Assembly Line
Used by Henry Ford to make Model T's
| Production rate went way up
94
KDKA
First radio station
95
Flapper
```
New women of 1920s
Short hair (cropped) short skirts, smoked, drank, drive cars
```
96
Marcus Garvey
A Jamaican that believe blacks should create their own separate society
97
Sacco and Vanzetti
Italian immigrants who were charged with robbing and murdering a factory pay master
Found guilty and sentence to death
98
End of Chapter 12-13
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99
Black Tuesday
The day the stock market crashes
The Wednesday before the stock market dropped and lost $5 billion
Thursday dropped even more
100
Speculation (Over Speculation)
People belief that prides and stocks would continue to go up
101
Bread lines
People lined up to get free food from the government, Usually bread
102
Herbert Hoover
Election of 1928
Republican
"Keep things the same"
Then "rugged individualism"
103
Causes of the depression
```
Unequal distribution of wealth (1% had 14.5% of the money)
High tariffs
Easy credit
Farm crisis
Overproduction
Banking system
Domino effect
```
104
Shantytowns/ Hoovervilles
Make shift shacks made of scrap materials in which people lived in
105
Bonus Army
WWI veterans who went to Washington to get their bonus check under the Patman Bill
Last 2,000 are forcibly removed by Hoover
106
Depression
Era of low economic growth
107
Dust bowl
A dirty tool used to get stoned
108
Rugged individualism
Care for yourself -Hoover
109
End of Chapter 14
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110
FDR
Promises to end the Great Depression with his New Deal
Election of 1932 agains Hoover
Polio
111
New Deal
During FDR first 100 days he passes over 15 major pieces of his New Deal
Expands the governments role in the economy
Called for a "Bank Holiday"
Fireside chats
112
CCC
Civilian Conservation Corps18-25 year old single men were paid and housed to work on flood control projects, soil erosion, planting trees, developing roads, building roads, digging ditchesMost of their money ($25 out of $30) was sent home
113
AAA
Agriculture Adjustment AdministrationTried to raise crop prices by lowering crop productionPaid farmers to leave their land fallow, plow under crops, kill off pigs, and throw milk in the ditches
114
TVA
Tennessee Valley AuthorityBuilt dams in the Tennessee Valley to control floodingCreated cheap electricity for people in the region
115
Eleanor Roosevelt
FDR's wife
Social reformer
First Lady
Campaigned for her husband
116
WPA
Works Progress AdministrationHeaded by Harry HopkinsGoal was to create as many jobs as possibleSpent $11 billionGave painters jobs painting murals in towns, writers jobs writing about histories of their towns or cities
117
Deficit Spending
Spending more money then the country collect in revenue
118
Social Security Act
Social Security ActPassed with the help of Francis Perkins (1stwoman in cabinet)Insurance for retirees over 65 and their spousesUnemployment compensationAid to families with dependent children and disabled
119
Francis Perkins
First female cabinet member
| Known for promoting security and labor legislation
120
Father Coughlin
Radio priest from Detroit
| Initially liked the new deal but later criticized it
121
Huey Long
Senator that beloved the FDR was not doing enough to bail out the country
Share-Our-Wealth program
122
Grapes of Wrath
Book by John Steinbeck that depicted the life of Okies
| People of Oklahoma
123
FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance CorporationInsurance on your money in the bank
124
END OF CHAPTER 15
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