American History exam 2 Flashcards
(36 cards)
New Immigrants
1890-1924 ~18 million immigrants from southern/eastern Europe. Seeking economic betterment, many had plans for return migration. Led to chain migration of families, leading to the construction of cultural school and churches. Immigrants were seen as a potential public health hazard.
Chinese exclusion Act
1882: Prohibits most Chinese immigration. Seen as uninterested in assimilation.
Anti-Imperialists
Organized into the Anti-Imperialist League. Concerns: Independence becoming plunder, military stretched too thin, cheap labor if jobs were outsourced, and race anxieties (why help other races when you African Americans need help. RESPONSE TO RISE IN IMPERIALISM
Open Door Policy
Open Door notes by John Hay Developed into policy in 1899. The United States saw the division of China as a risk to U.S interests. Policy claimed that China should be left open for free commerce. Imperialist interests
Roosevelt Corollary
1904 by president Roosevelt. Expanded the Monroe Doctrine to state that the U.S has a right to intervene in Latin America. Protects the territories that the U.S gained following the Spanish- American War.
Muckraking Journalism
Journalism during the PROGRESSIVE ERA (1890-1920). Goal: expose corruption, greed, and exploitation. Then arouse reform. One of the most popular works was Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle (1906), a novel about the meat packing plants in Chicago. Outrage of the public.
Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
1911 NY. Factory doors were chained shut to prevent striking. A fire broke out and women jumped to death to avoid dying by fire. BEGIN CALL FOR LABOR REFORM. MUNICIPAL HOUSEKEEPING WOMEN “CLEAN UP CITIES”
Election 1912
William Howard Taft (incumbent Republican) v. Woodrow Wilson (new freedom: pull apart corporate power w/out big govt.) v. Theodore Roosevelt (progressive bc lost republican primary to TAFT: Counter rights/power of corporate through BIG GOVT. (New nationalism) ) v. Eugene Debbs (Socialist). Wilson wins with 42% of the vote.
Selective Service Act
- Starts the draft. 24 million men were asked to register, much resistance. Led to the Slacker Raids and the American Protective League.
Committee on Public Information
Headed by George Creel. made pro war propaganda. Trained “Four Minute Men” to go around the country and give 4 min speeches to encourage support for the war. Formed the idea that public opinion exists and can be manipulated. STARTED THE UNDOING OF PROGRESSIVE IDEOLOGY.
Red Scare
Following WWI: Vets return home leads to high unemployment. Thus labor strikes (3,300 strikes). Strikes were seen as “un-American”
The Bolshevik Revolution in Russia during the war led to the rise of Vladimir Lenin in Russia, And the rise of communism.
Attempted Mail bombs sent to public figures in the spring of 1919 by anarchists leads the Palmer Raids: Raid of radicals without search warrants. Most were jailed without counsel. AMERICANS FELT THAT MINIORITES RIGHTS WERE VIOLATED.
Ethnicization
During Immigration. Becoming an ethnic group through migration and invented traditions. Nations were new so immigrants were tied to towns rather than nations. (EX: ST PATTYS DAY HERE)
National Origins Act
- Closed immigration by setting a quota for each ethnic group for each year. Quotas set based in the % of ethnic group in population during 1890 (before New Immigrants had come). Excluded Asians entirely. Creates border control between mexico/canada.
Spanish American War
Feb 1898, USS Maine explodes in havanna harbor. Portrayed as an act of Spanish aggression. April 19, 1898, US declares war. Leads to Teller Amendment, US does not have the goal to annex Cuba. US blockades Cuba. The Spanish surrender: US gets Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
Emilio Aguinaldo
Helped America fight in the Spanish American war. He opposed US colonialism in the Philippines, which did not allow for Philippine self govt. Leads to the Philippine-American war, 3 yrs of geurilla warfare.
Insular Cases
1901-1904 Following Spanish-American War. Does the US constitution follow the flag? No, Territories are impertinent to US but dont have the same constitutional rights.
Social Housekeeping
During Progressive Era (1890-1920), Middle class women claim a political role in reform. Gender roles “mother” figure. Some women reject this approach, they form FIRST WAVE FEMINISM (they wanted more equality).
Muller v. Oregon
- Ruling: the state of Oregon has interest in protecting women in the workplace. Women have special protection. Setting max hours for women is okay due to difference between the sexes.
Lusitania
1915 British passenger ship carrying arms sunk by German Uboat, 124 Americans died. One reason for US joining WWI.
Espionage Act
- Prohibited all spying and “enemy activity”. Allows for control of mail. Suspended anti-war groups mailing privileges. Mail searched and people jailed. Led to Alien Act.
Fourteen Points
Presented by Wilson at the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. Wilson internationalist.
-Democracy and national self determination (Stop imperialism) No scramble for spoils. Open Diplomacy: no more secret treaties (triple Entente & triple alliance). Freedom of seas/ trade. League of Nations: bring sovereign nations together to solve problems together democratically.
EUROPEANS ONLY AGREE TO LEAGUE OF NATIONS. THE US DOES NOT RATIFY.
GERMANY GET WRECKED BY REPARATIONS.
Bonus Army
The army was supposed to receive a Bonus from the government in 1945 for their service in WWI. Veterans marched on Washington for their bonus early due to the Depression. Hoover refuses, he then sends the federal army to evict the bonus army. FINAL NAIL IN THE COFFIN OF HOOVERS POLITICAL CAREER
Agricultural Adjustment Act
part of the 100 days (1st New Deal).
Prices had gone down for farmers products and could not raise the price. The act paid farmers to not produce. However the act paid landowners, not tenets. Landowners kicked tenets off their land. Prices went up, there was no longer a crop surplus, and less farmers.
Civillian Conservation Corps
During 1st 100 days. Combined work with relief, employing 2.5 mil men ages 18-25. Took young single men out of the city industry, housed and fed them, and had them send 75% of their paycheck home. Thus giving labor jobs in the city to men with families to take care of.