American Republic - Ch. 13 Flashcards
(34 cards)
What were the economic differences between the North and the South?
The North focused on manufacturing while the South relied heavily on agriculture.
This economic divergence contributed to sectional tensions.
What factors contributed to the North’s population growth?
Industrialization, immigration, and a larger number of free laborers.
These factors provided a labor force that supported economic expansion.
How did the North and South define freedom differently?
North – the right to control one’s own labor and the products of their work (Federal System)
South – the power of white men to control other people’s labor and property, slavery (States Right’s)
Why did both sides want more influence in Congress?
To express their moral standards and ideas about slavery and to influence public policy.
How did economic differences lead to sectional tensions?
They created conflicting priorities and interests.
What was popular sovereignty and why did it lead to conflict?
It allowed settlers to vote on slavery, leading to violence as pro- and anti-slavery factions rushed to populate new territories.
What was the Middle Passage?
The second leg of the transatlantic slave trade, a horrific journey from Africa to the Americas where enslaved Africans were forcibly transported.
What were the differences between the gang system and task system in plantation life?
Gang system – required continuous work from sunrise to sunset under supervision
Task system – assigned specific tasks for completion with freedom afterward.
How did enslaved people resist slavery?
Slowing down work, pretending illness, breaking tools, and running away.
How was the Bible misused to defend slavery?
The Southerners were “cherry picking” verses and not using the context to defend slavery
Who was Harriet Beecher Stowe?
An author and abolitionist best known for her novel ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin,’ which significantly impacted public opinion on slavery.
Who was Frederick Douglass?
An abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman who escaped slavery and became a leading voice against slavery and for civil rights.
How was American slavery different from Biblical slavery?
It was different in its racial basis, brutality, and permanence.
What role did the Underground Railroad play?
It provided enslaved people an opportunity to escape slavery.
What is popular sovereignty in the context of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
The principle that settlers could vote on whether to allow slavery in new territories.
What triggered violence in Bleeding Kansas?
The highly contested issue of slavery worsened by the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.
What was the Dred Scott Decision?
The Supreme Court ruling that enslaved people were not citizens and could not sue in federal court.
What happened during John Brown’s Raid at Harper’s Ferry?
John Brown led a raid to seize weapons and spark a slave revolt.
Who was James Buchanan?
The 15th President, a Democrat who believed the Constitution recognized the right to hold slaves.
Who was Roger B. Taney?
The Chief Justice who ruled that African Americans could not be citizens of the United States.
How did the Dred Scott decision upset Northerners?
It invalidated the Missouri Compromise and declared that Congress had no power to prohibit slavery in the territories.
How did John Brown’s raid increase tensions between the North and the South?
It was viewed by Southerners as a direct threat to their way of life.
Who ran in the Election of 1860?
Abraham Lincoln, Stephen A. Douglass, John Bell, John C. Breckenridge.
Why did Lincoln’s victory trigger secession?
Southerners were dismayed by Lincoln winning with only 40% of the popular vote.
