Amines/amides

Question 1

What 2 things can amine be?

Answer 1

Bases (accept H+)

Nucleophile (can donate a lone pair)

Question 2

What intermolecular forces within themselves do primary amines have?

Answer 2

Hydrogen

Question 3

What intermolecular forces within themselves do secondary amines have?

Answer 3

Hydrogen

Question 4

What intermolecular forces within themselves do tertiary amines have?

Answer 4

PDPD

Question 5

Which one out of primary, secondary and tertiary amines is the most soluble?

Answer 5

Tertiary

However, all form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 6

What are the 3 options for naming primary amines?

Answer 6

N is on the end - ___yl amine
N is not on the end - ‘number’-amino ‘name of alkane’
2 Ns - ‘Number,number’-diamino ‘name of alkane’

Question 7

What are the 2 options for naming secondary amines?

Answer 7

R groups are the same Di ‘name of alkyl’ amine

R groups are different N-‘name of short alkyl chain’ ‘name of long alkyl chain’ amine

Question 8

What are the 4 options for naming tertiary amines?

Answer 8

All R groups are the same - Tri’name of alkyl’ amine
Longest R group is different - N,N - Di’name of short alkyl chains’ ‘name of longest alkyl chain’ amine
All R groups are different - (in alphabetical order) N-‘alkyl chain’-N-‘alkyl chain-N-‘alkyl chain’ amine
Short R group is different - N-‘short alkyl chain’ di ‘name of long alkyl chains’ amine

Question 9

How do you name salts?

Answer 9

Name amine
Change amine to ammonium
Add the name of the negative ion

Question 10

What charge does a Nitrogen have with 3 bonds?

Answer 10

Neutral

Question 11

What charge does a Nitrogen have with 4 bonds?

Answer 11

+1

Question 12

How can amines act as bases?

Answer 12

N has a lone pair of e- so can accept H+ and act as a base

Question 13

What type of bond is between ammonium and the negative ion in ammonium salts?

Answer 13

Ionic bonds

Question 14

Why do amines smell but salts don’t?

Answer 14

Amines are volatile while salts aren’t

Question 15

How do you get rid of the smell from an amine?

Answer 15

Add an acid (makes a salt)

Question 16

How do you get the smell back from a salt?

Answer 16

Add a base (it donates the H+ so acts as an acid)

Question 17

What are the 2 types of amines you can make?

Answer 17

Aromatic amines

Aliphatic amines

Question 18

What are aromatic amines?

Answer 18

N is directly bonded to a benzene ring

Question 19

How do you make an aromatic amine?

Answer 19

Start with nitrobenzene, add Tin(Sn), Conc HCl and heat under reflex

Question 20

What is included in the equation when making aromatic amines?

Answer 20

Nitrobenzene+6[H+] goes to aromatic amine+2water

Question 21

What is an aliphatic amine?

Answer 21

N is not directly bonded to a benzene ring

Question 22

How do you make an aliphatic amine?

Answer 22

Start with haloalkane+excess NH3 in ethanol+heat

Question 23

What is made when a haloalkane and NH3 react?

Answer 23

A base and an acid

Question 24

What type of reaction is it when a haloalkane reacts with NH3?

Answer 24

Substitution

Question 25

What is the problem with reacting haloalkanes with NH3?

Answer 25

A salt can be formed

Question 26

How do you solve the problem with reacting haloalkanes with NH3?

Answer 26

Add a base (NaOH) (Salt loses H+ and acts as an acid)

Question 27

Why do we use the excess ammonia when making an amine?

Answer 27

Otherwise there would be further substitutions

Question 28

What mechanism does an amine do?

Answer 28

Nucleophilic substitution (donates a pair of electrons)

Question 29

What is the bond angle/shape around the N atom in an amine?

Answer 29

107 degrees | Pyramidal

Question 30

How do you name primary amides?

Answer 30

Name the chain on N + 'amide' | eg propanamide

Question 31

How do you name secondary amides?

Answer 31

'N' - name chain 'yl' + Name chain on N + 'amide' eg N - ethyl butanamide

Question 32

How do you name tertiary amides?

Answer 32

'N' - name chain 'yl' + 'N' name chain 'yl. Put in alphabetical order Name chain on N + 'amide' eg N-ethyl-N-methyl pentanamide

Question 33

What happens when an amine reacts with an acyl chloride?

Answer 33

Makes an amide

Question 34

What happens when an amine reacts with an acid anhydride?

Answer 34

Makes an amide | And carboxylic acid / ammonium salt (if excess NH3)

Question 35

What happens when an amine reacts with a carboxylic acid?

Answer 35

Doesn't make an amide, but makes a salt

Question 36

What happens when you add water to an acid anhydride?

Answer 36

Makes 2 carboxylic acids (hydrolysis reaction)

Question 37

How do you make an acid anhydride?

Answer 37

Add 2 carboxylic acids together (condensation reaction)

Question 38

What are the only amides to form peptides?

Answer 38

Amino acids (have COOH and NH2)

Question 39

What type of reaction joins amino acids together?

Answer 39

Condensation

Question 40

What is the isoelectric point?

Answer 40

The pH that forms a zwitter ion

Question 41

What happens to a Zwitter ion if the solution becomes more acidic (lower pH)

Answer 41

O- gains a H+ to become COOH

Question 42

What is a Zwitter ion?

Answer 42

Amino acid where the COOH has donated a H+ to the NH2 | Has a COO- side and a C(N+)H3 side

Question 43

What happens to a Zwitter ion if the solution becomes more alkaline (higher pH)

Answer 43

C(N+)H3 become CNH2

Question 44

What is the definition of an alpha amino acid?

Answer 44

Amine group and carboxylic acid group directly bonded to the same carbon atom

Question 45

What bonds do amino acids have between each other?

Answer 45

Ionic as become Zwitter ions

Question 46

Are amino acids/Zwitter ions soluble?

Answer 46

Yes, form ion-dipole attractions with water