Amines And Amides Flashcards Preview

A Level Chemistry Organic > Amines And Amides > Flashcards

Flashcards in Amines And Amides Deck (23)
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1
Q

Give two ways amines can by prepared

A

By nucleophillic substitution

Reduction from nitriles

2
Q

What type of amine does reduction of nitrile produce

A

A primary amine

3
Q

Give the equation for the production of an primary amine and how it’s formed

A

R-X+2NH3->R-NH2+NH4(+)X-

They will form of ammonia and a haloalkane are mixed in 1:1 ratio

4
Q

How are secondary amines formed and give the equation

A

They can be formed by reacting haloalkane and ammonia in a 2:1 ratio (2R-X+NH3->R-NH-R+2HX)

Or reacting a haloalkane with a primary
amine in a1:1 ratio

R1-X+ R2-NH2->R1-NH-R2+HX

5
Q

How are tertiary amines formed and give the equation

A

They can be formed by reacting haloalkanes and ammonia in a3:1 ratio
(3R-X + NH3->R3N+3HX)

Or by reacting a secondary amine in a 1:1 ratio

(R1-X+R2-NH-R3->R1-R2-R3N + HX

6
Q

How are quaternary ammonium salt formed and give the equation

A

They can formed by reacting haloalkanes and ammonia in a4:1 ratio
(4R-X+NH3->[R4N]+X- + 3HX)

Or by reacting tertiary amines and haloalkanes in a1:1 ratio

(R1-X +R2R3R4N->[R1R2R3R4N]+X-

7
Q

Give the equation for the reduction of nitriles to form primary amines and name the reducing agent

A

R-CN+4[H]->R-CH2NH2

LiALH4

8
Q

What happens when amines are reacted with acids

A

Alkyl ammonium salts are produced

9
Q

What determines the strength of a the base

A

The availability of the lone pair

10
Q

Give the base order strength in from weakest to strongest state the reason for the increase

A

Primary amine
Secondary amine
Tertiary amine

The reason for increase in base strength is due to the increase in the number of akyl groups attached on the N atom which increases the electron density on it and it increases the availability of the lone pair

11
Q

What happens when alkyl ammonium salts are reacted with alkalis and give the equation

A

They form amines nacl and water

Primary ammonium salts-R1-NH3Cl+NAOH->R1-Nh2+NaCl+H2O

Secondary ammonium salts-R1R2-NH2Cl+NaOh->R1R2-NH+NaCl+H2O

Tertiary ammonium salts:R1R2R3-NHCl+NaoH->R1R2R3-N+Nacl+H2O

12
Q

What are quaternary ammonium salts used as

A

Cationic surfactants

13
Q

What are amino acids

A

Molecules that contain an amine group and carboxylic acid group

14
Q

What occurs when amino acids react with sodium hydroxide and give the equation

A

A carboxylate salt and water are formed

R-CHNH2COOH+NaoH->RCHNH2COONa+H2O

15
Q

In high ph what form do amino acids exist and what firm in low ph do they exist as

A

In anionic form(negative form)

In cationic form in low ph(positive form)

16
Q

What is a zwitterion

A

When amino acids undergo an acid base reaction with itself as they have proton donating and accepting group

17
Q

What is the primary structure of a protein

A

The sequence of amino acids in a protein

18
Q

What two things can be formed in the secondary structure

A

A helix
Beta pleated sheets

They occur when hydrogen bonds occur between the hydrogen atom on a peptide link can form a bond with a nitrogen or oxygen atom

19
Q

What 3 bonds occur in the tertiary structure of a protein

A

Hydrogen bonding

Ionic bonding- occurs between -NH3 and COO

Covalent bond A

20
Q

How does tertiary structure form

A

The form as a result of the interaction between amino acids and it influence the overall shape of a protein

21
Q

How does DNA form

A

By condensation polymerisation

One oh groups of phosphate

22
Q

Why bases like phenylamine(contains benzene ring) considered weak based

A

As the lone pair from the amine group overlaps into the delocalised system so is less available as a result

23
Q

How can amino acids be located on w chromatrogran

A

Using uv light and ninhdydrin