Amines and amides

Question 1

What are amines?

Answer 1

When one or more hydrogens in ammonia are replaced with an organic group such as an alkyl group or an aromatic group

Question 2

What is a primary amine?

Answer 2

One hydrogen in ammonia is replaced

Question 3

What is a secondary amine?

Answer 3

Two hydrogens in ammonia are replaced

Question 4

What is a tertiary amine?

Answer 4

Three hydrogens in ammonia are replaced

Question 5

What is a quaternary ammonium ion?

Answer 5

When a fourth organic group is added to the ammonia

Question 6

What charge do quaternary ammonium ions have?

Answer 6

positive

Question 7

What is the suffix when you name an amine?

Answer 7

-amine

Question 8

What do you add to the prefix if its a secondary amine?

Answer 8

di-

Question 9

What do you add to the prefix if its a tertiary amine?

Answer 9

tri-

Question 10

How do you name an amine if there are more than one type of organic group attached?

Answer 10

List them in alphabetical order

Question 11

What are aromatic amines?

Answer 11

Amines with a benzene ring attached

Question 12

What are surfactants?

Answer 12

Compounds which are partly soluble and partly insoluble in water

Question 13

What are cationic surfactants?

Answer 13

positively charged surfactants

Question 14

What can act as cationic surfactants?

Answer 14

Quaternary ammonium salts

Question 15

Why are cationic surfactants used in detergents?

Answer 15

The non-polar end will bind to grease and the polar head will dissolve in water allowing spots of grease to mix with water and be washed away

Question 16

What are cationic surfactants used as?

Answer 16

Detergents
Fabric conditioners
Hair products

Question 17

Why are cationic surfactants used in fabric conditioners and hair products?

Answer 17

The positively charged part of the surfactant is attracted to the negatively charged surface when hair and fabric get wet.
The coating prevents the build up of static electricity, keeping clothes and hair smooth

Question 18

Why can amines act as bases?

Answer 18

They accept protons

Question 19

How do amines accept protons?

Answer 19

Lone pairs of electrons on the nitrogen atom that forms a co-ordinate bond with an H+ ion

Question 20

What does the strength of the base depend on?

Answer 20

How available the nitrogen’s lone pair of electrons is

Question 21

When will a lone pair of electrons be more available?

Answer 21

If electron density is higher

Question 22

What happens when the lone pair is more available?

Answer 22

The more likely the amine is to accept a proton so the stronger the base will be

Question 23

What type of bases are primary aromatic amines?

Answer 23

Weak

Question 24

Why are primary aromatic amines weak bases?

Answer 24

• benzene ring draws electrons towards itself
• the nitrogen’s lone pair gets partially delocalised onto the ring
• electron density on nitrogen decreases
• lone pair becomes much less available

Question 25

What type of bases are primary aliphatic amines?

Answer 25

Strong bases

Question 26

Why are primary aliphatic amines strong bases?

Answer 26

- alkyl group pushes electrons onto the attached groups - electron density on the nitrogen atom increases - lone pair is more available

Question 27

What is the strengths of ammonia as a base?

Answer 27

In the middle of aromatic and aliphatic amines

Question 28

Why is the strength of ammonia as a base in the middle of aromatic and aliphatic amines?

Answer 28

Doesn’t have an aromatic group to pull lone pair away or an alkyl group to lush the lone pair of electrons forward

Question 29

What are amides?

Answer 29

derivatives of carboxylic acids

Question 30

Why do amides behave different from amines?

Answer 30

The carbonyl group pulls electrons away from the NH2 group

Question 31

From weakest to strongest, what are the strengths of amines as bases?

Answer 31

Weakest; Primary aromatic amines NH3 Strongest; Primary aliphatic amines

Question 32

Why are primary aliphatic amines the strongest base?

Answer 32

- They have an alkyl group attached which pushes electrons onto attached groups - The electron density on the nitrogen increases, making the lone pair much more available

Question 33

What functional group does amides have?

Answer 33

-C=O(NH2)

Question 34

Why do amides behave differently to amines?

Answer 34

The carbonyl group pulls electrons away from the NH2 group

Question 35

What is the suffix when naming amides?

Answer 35

-amide

Question 36

What is the prefix when naming amides?

Answer 36

Comes form the acyl group

Question 37

What are N-Substiuted amides?

Answer 37

Amides where one of the hydrogens attached to the nitrogen has been replaced with an alkyl group