Amino Acid Sheet

Question 0

Which amino acid is a major precursor for gluconeogenesis?

Answer 0

Alanine

Question 1

Which amino acid is wholly incorporated into purines?

Answer 1

Glycine

Question 2

Which amino acid is the major donor of 1-carbons to tetrahydrofolate?

Answer 2

Serine

Question 3

Which amino acids are components of glutathione?

Answer 3

Lysine, cysteine, and glutamate

Question 4

Which amino acids are referred to as the BCAA (branch chain amino acids)?

Answer 4

Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine

Question 5

The amino acid synthesized in a B12 mediated reaction is _____.

Answer 5

Methionine

Question 6

Which amino acid is the major fuel of enterocytes?

Answer 6

Glutamine

Question 7

Which amino acids are nitrogen carriers in the circulation?

Answer 7

alanine and glutamine

Question 8

Which amino acid residues are hydroxylated in a vitamin C-mediated process?

Answer 8

Proline and lysine

Question 9

Which amino acid is the precursor of seratonin?

Answer 9

Tryptophan

Question 10

Which amino acid is a precursor of melanins?

Answer 10

Tyrosine

Question 11

Which amino acid is the precursor of catecholamines?

Answer 11

Tyrosine

Question 12

Which amino acid is a nitrogen donor to the urea cycle?

Answer 12

Aspartate

Question 13

Which amino acid is wholly incorporated into pyrimidines?

Answer 13

Aspartate

Question 14

Which amino acids are nitrogen donors in purine synthesis?

Answer 14

Aspartate, glycine, and glutamine

Question 15

Which amino acids are nitrogen donors in pyrimidine synthesis?

Answer 15

Aspartate and glutamine

Question 16

Catabolism of which amino acid is impaired in phenylketouria?

Answer 16

Phenylalanine

Question 17

Which amino acid is the precursor of carnitine?

Answer 17

Lysine and methionine

Question 18

Which amino acid is a nitrogen donor in both purine and pyrimidine synthesis?

Answer 18

Aspartate and glutamine

Question 19

Which amino acid is a precursor for niacin?

Answer 19

Tryptophan

Question 20

Which amino acids are most important for buffering at physiological pH?

Answer 20

Cysteine and histadine

Question 21

Which amino acid is a product of the urea cycle?

Answer 21

Arginine

Question 22

Which amino acids can be de-aminated?

Answer 22

Glutamate, serine, and threonine

Question 23

Which amino acids are purely ketogenic?

Answer 23

Leucine and Lysine

Question 24

Which amino acid provides NH3 to buffer H+ in the kidneys?

Answer 24

Glutamine

Question 25

Which amino acid residues are targeted in vitamin K-mediated y-carboxylation reactions in the liver and bone?

Answer 25

Glutamate

Question 26

Which amino acid is a component of SAM?

Answer 26

Methionine

Question 27

When amino acids are transaminated, they are converted into _-____ _____.

Answer 27

a-keto acids

Question 28

All of the aromatic amino acids are both _________ and __________.

Answer 28

Ketogenic and glucogenic

Question 29

Amino acids are positive regulators of _________/________ release.

Answer 29

Insulin/glucagon

Question 30

What are the essential amino acids?

Answer 30

Phenylalanine, Valine, Threonine (PVT) Tryptophan, Isoleucine, Methionine (TIM) Histidine, Arginine, Leucine, Lysine (HALL)

Question 31

Which amino acid is a key fuel for immune system cells?

Answer 31

Glutamine

Question 32

__________ is produced in significant amounts by gut bacteria and incorporated into urea.

Answer 32

Ammonia

Question 33

This amino acid is part of the structure of tetrahydrofolate.

Answer 33

Glutamate

Question 34

Which amino acid can be synthesized from homocysteine?

Answer 34

Methionine and cysteine

Question 35

Which amino acid is used in the conjugation of bile acids?

Answer 35

Glycine and taurine

Question 36

Which amino acids are used in phase II reactions?

Answer 36

Glycine and taurine

Question 37

Which amino acids can be converted into propionyl CoA?

Answer 37

Isoleucine, Valine, and Threonine

Question 38

Which amino acid is incorporated into heme?

Answer 38

Glycine

Question 39

Identify an amino acid that is transaminated with pyruvate in skeletal muscle.

Answer 39

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine (the BCAAs)

Question 40

Which amino acid is converted to toxic phenylketones with an enzyme defect?

Answer 40

Phenylalanine

Question 41

Enzyme which assists in the complete oxidation of some amino acid carbons in muscle and gut? (Also used in citrate shuttle in FA synthesis)

Answer 41

Malic enzyme

Question 42

Which amino acids constitute 50% of the amino acids exiting the skeletal muscle during fasting?

Answer 42

Alanine and glutamine

Question 43

What is the vitamin most closely connected to amino group metabolism?

Answer 43

B6

Question 44

Residues of which amino acid are linked to biotin?

Answer 44

Lysine

Question 45

Which amino acid residue is extensively used in metallothioneins?

Answer 45

Cysteine

Question 46

Which amino acid can be depleted in heavy metal toxicity?

Answer 46

Cysteine

Question 47

Which amino acid can be converted into the neurotransmitter, GABA?

Answer 47

Glutamate

Question 48

Major source of the amino acids produced in the degradation of RBCs?

Answer 48

Hemoglobin

Question 49

Amino acid catabolism that is defective in Maple Syrup Urine disease?

Answer 49

Valine, Leucine, and Isoleucine (BCAAs)

Question 50

True/False: Ornithine is not an amino acid so it is not included on the chart.

Answer 50

False

Question 51

Biosynthesis of amino acids requires a carbon skeleton and a source of ________.

Answer 51

Nitrogen

Question 52

Which amino acids are spared by the liver following absorption from the diet?

Answer 52

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine (BCAAs)

Question 53

Degradation of which amino acids in skeletal muscle requires the use of 5 co-enzymes before intermediates enter the Krebs cycle?

Answer 53

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine (BCAAs)

Question 54

Which amino acid is used to construct the ring found in CoQ10?

Answer 54

Tyrosine