Amino Acids

Question 1

What is the lifespan of proteins?

Answer 1

2-3 days

Question 2

List functions of proteins ( 10)

Answer 2

1. Catalysis and metabolism
2. Cytoskeleton
3. Cellular transport
4. Receptors
5. Hormones
6. Contractility and healing
7. Replication
8. Immunity
9. Adhesion and migration
10. Cell communication

Question 3

What carbon are AA composed of?

Answer 3

Alpha carbon - it is asymmetric
Alpha amino acid is the basic building block

Question 4

Name the groups AAs are composed of

Answer 4

Amine group - NH2
Acid group - COOH
R group - specific for each AA

Question 5

What is the simplest amino acid

Answer 5

Glycine NH2 - CH2 - COOH
The r group is H

Question 6

Name 7 nonpolar, aliphatic AA

Answer 6

Glycine, alanine, proline valine, leucin, isoleucine, methionine

Question 7

Name 5 polar AA

Answer 7

Serine, threonine, cysteine, asparagine, glutamine

Question 8

Name 3 aromatic AA

Answer 8

Phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan (has a indole ring)

Question 9

What is the alpha carbon covalently bonded to?

Answer 9

Amine group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, side chain R group

Question 10

Between which elements does a peptide bond (amine linkage) occur?

Answer 10

Carbon and nitrogen

Question 11

Name 3 positively charged AA

Answer 11

Lysine,arginine,histidine

Question 12

Name 2 negatively charged AA

Answer 12

Aspartate, glutamate

Question 13

What are stereoisomer configurations

Answer 13

2 distinct configurations for all AA ( except glycine) due to functional groups being able to rotate around the alpha carbon

Question 14

Name the possible stereoisomer configurations

Answer 14

Levo stereoisomer - left
Dexter stereoisomer - right
They are non-superimposable mirror images of each other

Question 15

What is the RS system

Answer 15

Describes the absolute special configuration of an AA

Question 16

Name 2 types in the RA system

Answer 16

Sinister (‘left’) - arrangement of groups around thealphacarbon is counterclockwise
Rectus (‘right’) - clockwise direction

Question 17

Name the functions of valine

Answer 17

Used in muscle metabolism activity, balances nitrogen

Question 18

Name the function alanine and glutamate have incommon

Answer 18

Vital in metabolism of glucose

Question 19

Name the function of glycine

Answer 19

Improves glycogen storage

Question 20

Name a function cysteine, glutamate, and methionine have in common

Answer 20

Breakdown and burning of fat

Question 21

Name threonine’s function

Answer 21

Prevents fat buildup in the liver

Question 22

Name lysine’s function

Answer 22

Ensures calcium absorption and helps maintain nitrogen balance

Question 23

What is 4 - hydroxyproline responsible for?

Answer 23

Plant cell wall and collagen synthesis

Question 24

What is 5-hydroxylysine responsible for?

Answer 24

Collagen synthesis

Question 25

What is 6 -N- methylysine responsible for?

Answer 25

Myosin synthesis

Question 26

What is desmosine responsible for?

Answer 26

Elastin synthesis

Question 27

What is delta- carboxyglutamate responsible for?

Answer 27

Many calcium binding proteins and prothrombin formation

Question 28

What are the N and C terminals

Answer 28

N-terminal is a free amino end (start) of an AA
C-terminal is a free carboxyl end of an AA