amino acids Flashcards by jennifer davidson

Which amino acid is wholly incorporated into purines?

glycine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which aa is major precursor for gluconeogenesis

alanine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which one aa is the major donor of 1-carbons to tetrahydrofolate?
what are the 3 others?

serine, then histidine, glysine tryptophan

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which 3 aa are components of glutathione?

cysteine
glycine
glutamate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which 3 aa are branched chain?

valine
leucine
isoleucine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what is the aa that is synthesized in a B 12 mediated reaction?

methionine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which aa is the major fuel of enterocytes?

glutamine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which aa ae nitrogen carriers in circulation? 2

glutamine

alanine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which 2 aa residues are hydroxylated in a vitamin C mediated process?

proline

lysine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which aa is the precursor of serotinin

tryptophan

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which aa is a precursor of melanins

tyrosine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which aa is the precursor of catecholamines

tyrosine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which aa is a nitrogen donor to the urea cycle

aspartate (N2)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which aa is wholly incorporated into pyramidines?

aspartate - decarboxylated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which 3 aa’s are nitrogen donors in purine synth?

glycine
aspartate
glutamine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which 2 aa are nitrogen donors in pyrimidine synth?

aspartate

glutamine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

catabolism of what 2 amino acids are impaired in PKU, phenylketonuria?

phenylalanine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which aa are the precursors of carnitine? 2

lysine

methionine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which aa is a nitrogen donor in both purine and pyrimidine synth? 2

glutamine

aspartate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which amino acid is a precursor for niacin

tryptophan

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which aa are the most important for buffering at physiological pH? 2

histidine

cysteine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which aa is a product of the urea cycle?

arginine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which aa’s can be deaminated? 4

glutamine
glutamate
serine
threonine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which 2 aa’s are purely ketogenic?

leucine

lycine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Which aa provides NH3 to buffer H+ in the kidneys?

Glutamine

which AA residues are targeted in vit K-mediated gamma carboxylation reactions in the liver and bone?

glutamate - gets extra carboxylate

which aa is a component of SAM

methionine

What do transaminated aa's become?

alpha-keto acids

what are the aromatic aa's 3?

tryptophan tyrosine phenylalanine

aromatic aa are what?

ketogenic | glucogenic

aa are the positive regulatiors of what release?

glucagon | insulin

what are the essential amino acids 9

``` Phenylalanine Threonine Tryptophan Isoleucine Methionine Histidine A Lysine Leucine ```

Which aa is a key fuel for immune system cells

glutamine

what is incorporated into urea that is made by bacteria

ammonia

which aa is part of the structure of tetrahydrofolate

glutamate

which aa is used in the conjunction of bile acids? | 2

glycine | taurine

which aa are used in phase two reactions

taurine | glycine

which aa can be converted into propionyl CoA? | 4

valine isoleucine methionine threonine

Which aa is incorporated into HEME

Glycine | glycine + succinyl CoA = heme

What aa can be transaminated with pyruvate in skeletal muscles? 3

Branched chain aa valine leucine isoleucine

which aa is converted to toxic phenylketones with and enzyme defect?

phenylalanine

what enzyme assists in the complete oxidation of some amino acid carbones in muscle and gut?

malic enzyme

what enzyme is used in the citrate shuttle in FA synthelis?

malic enzyme

what is the vitamin most closely connected to amino group metabolism?

Vit B-6 | pyrodoxyi phosphate

residues of what amino acid are linked to biotin?

lysine

Which amino acid residue is extensively used in metallothioneins?

cysteine | storate proteins for Zn++ and Cu++

which aa can be depleted in heavy metal toxicity?

cysteine, because it binds metals

which aa can be converted to a neurotransmitter?

glutamate

major source of aa produced in the degration of RBCs?

hemoglobin

the catabolism of what aa is defective in maple syrup disease?

BCAA leucine isoleucine valine

what is ornithine?

its an amino acid, its just not one of the 20 used to make proteins

biosynthesis of amino acids requires a carbon skeleton and a source of what?

nitrogens

Which amino acids are spared by the liver following absorption from the diet?

BCAA, they pass through the liver w/o being absorbed

Degredation of what aa in skeletal muscles requires the use of 5 Coenzymes before intermediates enter the Krebs cycle?

BCAA leucine isoleucine valine

what are the 5 coenzymes used to degrade branched chained aa?

``` thiamine NAD FAD lipoic acid CoA ```

which amino acid is used to construct the ring found in CoQ?

tyrosine | phenylalanine

Glycine is an amino acid used for what? | What 5 places

- wholly incorporated into purines - component of glutathione - nitrogen donor in purine synthesis - conjugate bile acids - phase II reactions - 1 carbon donor for tetrahydrofolate

Where is alanine used? | 2

- precursor for gluconeogenesis | - makes up 25% of the amino acids leaving skeletal muscles during fastine (alanine + glutamine = 50%)

Where is serine used? | 1

- MAJOR donor of 1 carbons to tetrahydrofolate

Where is histidine used | 3

- donor of 1 carbone to tetrahydrofolate - buffering at physiological pH - essential amino acid

Where is tryptophan used? | 6

- 1 carbon donor for tetrahydrofolate - precursor to serotonin - essential amino acid - precursor for niacin - ketogenic - glucogenic

Where is cysteine used?

- component of glutathione - buffering at physiological pH - can be synthesized from homocysteine - used in metallothioneins - metal storage proteins - depleated in heavy metal toxicity

Where is isoleucine used?

- BCAA - converted to propionyl CoA - Transaminated with pyruvated in skeletal muscle - defective catabolism = maple syrup disease

Where is glutamate used?

- component of glutathione - can be deaminated - targeted in vit K-mediated Gamma carboxylation in liver and bone - part of tetrahydrofolate structure - can be converted to GABA, neurotransmitter

Where is glutamine used?

- Major fuel for enterocyte - Nitrogen carrier in circulation - nitrogen donor, pyramidine synthesis - Provide NH3 to buffer H+ in kidneys - key fuel for immune cells - one of the 2 aa that make up 50% of aa leaving skeletal muscles during fasting -

Valine

- BCAA - converted to propionyl Coa - transaminated with pyruvate in skeletal muscle - defective catabolism = maple syrup disease

Leucine

- BCAA - Purely ketogenic - transaminated with pyruvate in skeletal muscle - defective catabolism = maple syrup diesase

Isoleucine

- BCAA - can be converted to propionyl CoA - transaminated with pyruvate in skeletal muscle - defective catabolism = maple syrup diesase

methionine

- synthesized in B12 mediated reaction - precursors of carnitine - component of SAM - synthesized from homocysteine - can be converted to propionyl CoA

Proline

- hydroxylated in a Vitamin C- mediated process

amino acids Flashcards

To remember which amino acids enter metabolism where (70 cards)