Amino Acids Flashcards
(18 cards)
What do electronegative atoms do?
Pull electrons toward it and have a partial negative charge
The 3 letter designations for amino acids are all the first three letter of their name except for the following; what are their 3 letter codes?
- Isoleucine
- Asparagine
- Glutamine
- Tryptophan
- Ile
- Asn (aspartate is asp)
- Gln (glutamate is glu)
- Trp
Name the AA
- Cys
- His
- Met
- Ser
- Val
- Ala
- Gly
- Leu
- Pro
- Thr
- Arg
- Asp
- Glu
- Phe
- Tyr
- Cysteine
- Histidine
- Methionine
- Serine
- Valine
- Alanine
- Glycine
- Leucine
- Proline
- Threonine
- Arginine
- Aspartate
- Glutamate
- Phenylalanine
- Tyrosine
Which amino acids are uncharged?
Asparagine, cysteine, glutamine, serine, threonine, and tyrosine
Which amino acids are acidic?
Glutamic acid and aspartic acid
Which amino acids are basic?
Arginine, lysine, and histidine
By looking at the structure, how can you tell if an amino acid is nonpolar?
3 exceptions?
Usually composed of cony carbons and hydrogens in the R group
Exceptions: tryptophan has 1 nitrogen; methionine has 1 sulfur
Nonpolar amino acids cluster in the interior of soluble proteins and where else?
On the surface of membrane proteins (to interact with nonpolar fatty acids)
What is Maple Syrup Urine Disease and what 3 aminos acids are involved?
Neurotoxicity caused by a build up of isoleucine, leucine, and valine (I love vermont maple syrup) due to a defective pathway in breaking them down (these 3 amino acids have are branched chain); results in mental retardation; cant eat foods with these AAs if you have this disease
Patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) have a problem doing what?
What does it cause?
Converting phenylalanine to tyrosine
Buildup of phenylalanine causes mental retardation
Which amino acid is a precursor for serotonin?
Tryptophan
Osteogenesis imperfecta is caused by substitution of?
What does it cause?
Glycine in collagen structure (since glycine is so simple, it is more flexible than other AAs which is important for collagen)
Blue scleras and bones to break easily
What makes proline rigid?
The R group is bound to its amino group
What 3 amino acids have OH groups that can be phosphorylated?
Serine, threonine, and tyrosine
Name a hormone in which cysteine forming disulfide bonds plays a role. What is the role?
Insulin; disulfide bonds are important for it to be recognized as a signaling molecule
What is happening when amino acids participate in N or O linked glycosidic bonds?
Glycosidic bonds attach sugars to form glycoproteins
Histidine is made into ?
Histamine (inflammation response)
What amino acid is the precursor for catecholamines?
Name 3 types of catecholamines
Tyrosine
Dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine
