Amino acids (Enzymology 1st partial) Flashcards
Biomolecules
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Lipids
- Nucleic Acids
Remarks on enzymes
- Biomolecules that catalyze chemical reactions by 10^15 to 10^17 fold
- Almost all enzymes are proteins
- Molecules at the beginning of the process are called substrates.
- Enzymes convert them into different molecules, products
- Living systems use enzymes to accelerate and control the rates of vitally important biochemical reactions
What is the earliest known use of enzymes? (Ancient Egypt)
Use of yeast for fermentation of wheat -> Boza
Who made a study of the fermentation of sugar to alcohol by yeasts? (1800s)
Louis Pasteur
Who was the first to use the term enzyme to describe a process called fermentation? (Late 1800s)
Wilhelm Kühne
Word that is used to refer to chemical activity produced by living organisms… (Late 1800s)
Ferment
Word that was used to refer to nonliving substances (such as pepsin)
Enzyme
Who began to study the ability of yeasts extracts to ferment sugar? (Late 1800s to Early 1900s)
Eduard Buchner
What did Buchner find?
The sugar was fermented even when there were no living yeasts cells in the mixture.
What is the name of the enzyme that brought about the fermentation of sucrose?
Zyamase
Area of applied science related to fermentation that deals with the biochemical processes involved in fermentation, with yeasts and bacteria selection and physiology
Zymology
Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1907? And for what?
Buchner for his biochemical research and his discovery of cell-free fermentation
Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1929? And for what?
Arthur Harden and Hans von Euler-Chelpin for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes
Who increase the knowledge about yeast and brewing nowadays?
Danis Carlsberg lab scientists
What is the controversy on 1900s about enzymes?
Many early workers noted that enzymatic activity was associated with proteins, but several scientists argued that proteins were merely carriers for the true enzymes and that proteins per se were incapable of catalysis.
