Amino Acids & Proteins Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
- plays a role in cell division
- required for the generation of urea and synthesis of creatine
A
Arginine
2
Q
The breakdown of creatine
A
Creatinine
3
Q
*Direct Precursor of Histamine
A
Histidine
4
Q
- Boosts the healing of muscle, skin, and bones
- Optimal growth of infants and for nitrogen balance in adults
A
Leucine
5
Q
- plays a role in the production of antibodies and lowers triglyceride
- need for proper growth and bone development in children
- maintains a proper nitrogen balance in adults
A
Lysine
6
Q
- Helps initiate translation of messenger RNA
- 1st amino acid encoded during translation
A
Methionine
7
Q
*Start codon that encodes Methionine
A
AUG
8
Q
- promotes alertness and vitality, elevates mood, decreases pain, aids memory and learning
A
Phenylalanine
9
Q
Made up of phenylalanine & aspartic acid
A
Aspartame
10
Q
- Important component in the formation of protein, collagen, elastin, and tooth enamel
A
Threonine
11
Q
*Precursor of serotonin and melatonin
A
Tryptophan
12
Q
*A natural happy chemical
A
Serotonin
13
Q
*Plays role in the sleep-wake cycle
A
Melatonin
14
Q
Heaviest among all the amino acid
A
Tryptophan
15
Q
- Needed for muscle metabolism and coordination, tissue repair and maintenance of nitrogen balance
- Used by muscle as energy source
A
Valine
16
Q
- Involved in the breakdown of glucose
- Product of breakdown of DNA
A
Alanine
17
Q
First amino acid to be isolated
A
Asparagine
18
Q
A metabolite in the urea cycle and participates in gluconeogenesis
A
Aspartic Acid (Aspartate)
19
Q
- a.k.a Half-cystine residue
- Named after Cystine, its precursor
A
Cysteine
20
Q
Serves a neurotransmitter
A
- Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)
- Glycine
21
Q
*Responsible for the taste of Umami
A
Glutamic Acid (Glutamate)
22
Q
*Most abundant amino acid in the body
A
Glutamine
23
Q
*Simplest Amino Acid
A
Glycine
24
Q
- Precursor of hydroxyproline
- an Imino Acid due to its cyclic structure
A
Proline
25
Needed for proper metabolism of fats and fatty acids
Serine
26
Precursor of:
Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, and Dopamine; Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine
Tyrosine
27
*Selenocysteine is encoded by what codon
UGA
28
*Pyrolysine is encoded by what codon
UAG
29
Protein will initially be digested by what enzymes
Pepsin & Trypsin
30
Where amino acids are acquired to be used for translation
Amino Acid Pool
31
Caused by either an enzyme defect or enzyme deficiency
Aminoacidopathies
32
*Total absence of activity of phenylalanine hydroxylase
Phenylketonuria
33
*Deamination of phenylalanine
Phenylpyruvate
34
Decarboxylation and oxidation of phenylpyruvate
Phenylacetic Acid
35
Glutamine conjugate of phenylacetate
Phenylacetylglutamine
36
The ability of the phenylalanine is used which could be present in the specimen to facilitate the bacterial growth in a culture medium with an inhibitor
Guthrie Bacterial Inhibition Assay
37
Direct measurement of phenylalanine in dried blood filter disks
Microfluorometric Assay
38
- Excretion of tyrosine & tyrosine catabolites in urine
Tyrosinemia
39
Lack of homogentisate oxidase
Alkaptonuria
40
Lack of branched-chain alpha-ketoacid decarboxylase
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
41
Deficiency of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase in leucine pathway
Isovaleric Acidemia
42
*How is the diagnosis of Isovaleric Acidemia performed
with Tandem Mass Spectrometry or Chromatography
43
*In Silver-Nitroprusside Test, silver nitrate reduces homocysteine to form ________
reddish color
44
*In Silver-Nitroprusside Test, ____________ reduces homocysteine to form reddish color
Silver Nitrate
45
Lack of enzyme argininosuccinic acid synthetase
Type I Citrullinemia
46
Caused by mutation of the gene that would provide instruction for making the protein citrin
Type II Citrullinemia
47
Deficiency in argininosuccinate lyase
Argininosuccinic Aciduria
48
A defect in the amino acid transport system rather than a metabolic enzyme deficiency
Cystinuria
49
Normal Urine causes what odor
Aromatic
50
*Phenylketonuria causes what odor in urine?
Mousy
51
*Tyrosinemia causes what odor in urine?
Rancid
52
Isovaleric Academia causes what odor in urine?
Sweaty feet
53
Methionine Malabsoprtion causes what odor in urine
Cabbage
54
Contaminated urine causes what odor?
Bleach
55
Structure of protein where different amino acids composes a specific protein in a linear way
Primary Structure
56
Structure of protein where peptide chains are folded regularly & can form alpha helix or beta pleated sheet
Secondary Structure
57
Protein structure where structure is now in a 3D form and is considered as a polypeptide
Tertiary Structure
58
Protein structure that is combination of all polypeptides
Quaternary Structure
59
a1-Globulins
- HDL
- a1-fetoprotein
- a-antitrypsin
60
a2-Globulins
- Haptoglobin
- Ceruloplasmin
- a2-macroglobulin
61
B-Globulins
- Transferrin
- C-reactive protein
62
y-Globulins
Immunoglobulins
63
*What type of Albumin is HDL
a1-Globulin
64
*Also known as transthyretin
Prealbumin
65
Half-Life of prealbumin
2 days
66
It is present in its highest concentration
Albumin
67
*Absence of albumin
Analbuminemia
68
Condition of having 2 types of serum albumin that differ in mobility during electrophoresis
Bisalbuminemia
69
Synthesized initially by the fetal yolk sac and then by the parenchymal cells of the liver
Alpha 1-Fetoprotein (AFP)
70
*Elevated AFP:
- The incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube
- An incompletely formed spinal cord
Spina Bifida & Neural Tube Defects
71
Elevated AFP:
- Narrowing/absence of a portion of the intestine of the fetus
Atresia of the GI tract
72
Elevated AFP:
- Fetus is not well or excessively fatigued
Fetal Distress
73
Formation of certain membranes & fibers in association with collagen
Alpha 1-Acid Glycoprotein (Orosmucoid)
74
Group-specific component / Vitamin D-binding protein
Gc-Globulin
75
- An Alpha 2-glycoprotein
- Binds to free hemoglobin by its alpha-chain
Haptoglublin
76
A conjugated protein due to its prosthetic group
Ceruloplasmin
77
Hepatolenticular degeneration
Wilson's Disease
78
Decreased ceruloplasmin because there is a problem with the absorption of copper
Menke's Syndrome
79
*Majority of the b-globulin fraction
Transferrin
80
Ratio of transferrin-to-ferric ions
1:2
81
Absensce of transferrin
Atransferrinemia
82
Removes circulation Heme
Hemopexin
83
Transports cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids
Lipoproteins
84
*Light chain component of major histocompatability complex
Beta 2-Microglobulin
85
Collective term for several proteins participating in the immune rx
Complement
86
Forms a fibrin clot when activated by thrombin
Fibrinogen
87
Appears in blood of patients with diverse inflammatory disease
C-reactive Protein
88
A heme protein found in striated muscles
Myoglobin
89
Decreased protein levels
Hypoproteinemia
90
Increased protein levels
Hyperproteinemia
91
What bacteria is used in Guthrie Bacterial Inhibition Assay
Bacillus subtilis
