Amino Acids Study Guide

Question 0

Ideal protein

Answer 0

Amino acids are provided in the appropriate proportions relative to digestible Lys to avoid an amino acid imbalance or antagonism.

Question 1

Digestibility coefficient

Answer 1

The proportion of the amino acid that is absorbed by the animal. Digestibility coefficients of animal acids for an ingredient are determined by chick bioassays.

Question 2

Amino imbalance

Answer 2

Diet providing adequate levels of some of the essential amino acids but deficient in one or more essential amino acids.

Question 3

Amino acid antagonism

Answer 3

An interaction between amino acids where an excess of one amino acid increases the need for another amino acid. Amino acids involved in an antagonism usually have similar chemical structures. Lys, Arg?

Question 4

DL-methionine hydroxyl analogue

Answer 4

Keto acid that is converted to active methionine by the process of trans animation. Transamination= addition of an amino NH2

Question 5

Transamination

Answer 5

The exchange of ammonia from amino acid to a Keto moiety of a Keto acid.

Question 6

List the essential amino acids for poultry 1,2,3 also limiting amino acids

Answer 6

1) methionine 2) lysine 3) threonine 4) Val Phe Trp Isoleucine His Arg Leu

Question 7

List the factors affecting amino acid requirements

Answer 7

Rate of growth Sex Feed form Maintenance: weight and temp Genetic strain Availability of AA in ingredients Levels of essential AA in the diet

Question 8

Why is digestible Lys considered the reference amino acid in expressing amino acid requirements as ratios?

Answer 8

Lys is used for lean tissue growth. It is high in breast muscle meaning it is needed more in order to produce muscle.

Question 9

What are reasons for formulating on a digestible amino acid basis?

Answer 9

More precise Allows more efficient use of co-products (DDGS lower price to save on diet cost). -reduces nitrogen excretion

Question 10

Describe the potential reasons for reduced growth associated with Lys-Arg antagonism.

Answer 10

Lys-Arg antagonism may result in Lys blocking Arg absorption. In addition transaminase activity can be increased leading to Arg being catabolized thus less Arg available for protein synthesis.

Question 11

List the order of toxicity for amino acids.

Answer 11

Met-Trp-His-Tyr-Phe-Cys-Leu-isoleucine-Val-Lys-Thr (least toxic)

Question 12

What are the functions of amino acids?

Answer 12

-principle constituent of organs and soft tissues. -special functions -body contains over 100,000 proteins - protein makes up 80% of body on a dry fat free basis -building blocks of the body (protein synthesis) must have to drive protein synthesis - muscle and bone development -feathers, enzymes, hormones

Question 13

Explain the metabolic effects of excess leu on reduced growth rate of broilers.

Answer 13

Leucine has similar chemical structure to amino acids valine and isoleucine which equals antagonism. Excess leucine would create an imbalance in the diet resulting in an increase need for isoleucine and valine which are essential amino acids. Meaning these amino acids have to be supplied in the diet which means they can not be synthesized fast enough to meet the tissue requirements that we’re lost by giving an excess amount of leucine. This results In decreased growth rate. -Decreased bw gain and feed intake -Increased isoleucine oxidation -Increased branched chain amino transferase - increased branch ketoacid dehydrogenase

Question 14

Which amino acids are considered ketogenic? What are the resulting products from these amino acids and how do these products provide energy to the bird?

Answer 14

Ketogenic only= Lys and Leu Keto and Gluco= isoleucine, Phe, Trp, Tyr The resulting products are acetoacetate, acetone, D-B-hydroxybutyrate Provide energy through FA synthesis or Krebs cycle

Question 15

imbalance vs deficiency

Answer 15

• Deficiency: Deficient in one of the essential

amino acids, hence protein synthesis will

occur to the amount of the limiting amino

acid.

• Imbalance: Growth is affected by one or

amino acids other than the amino acid that

is deficient.

• Adding the amino acid that is deficient will

alleviate both a deficiency or imbalance.

Question 16

Antogonism

Answer 16

Interaction between amino acidswhere an excess of one amino acid brings about an increase in the requirement of one or more of the antagonists

Question 17

Amino acid supplements in the Broiler Industry

Answer 17

• DL-Methionine: Powder
• Methionine hydroxy analogue: Liquid
• L-Lysine HCl: Powder
• L-Lysine BioLys: Powder
• L-Lysine 50 or 60: Liquid
• L-Threonine: Powder

Question 18

ideal protein

Answer 18

• One gram of lean tissue deposition

requires different proportions of

essential amino acids.

• Diet supplies amino acids in the exact

proportions required by the bird.

• Diet should utilized efficiently as

amino acids should not be deficient or

in excess.

Question 19

ideal protein

Answer 19

• Factors such as strain, BW, sex

should not affect of the proportions of

the amino acids.

• Levels of amino acids may change due

to the needs of the bird but not the

relative proportions.

Question 20

ideal protein

Answer 20

• Lys is the reference amino acid.
• Other essential amino acids are expressed relative to Lys.
• Once the Lys requirement is known, the other amino acid requirements can be expressed proportional to Lys.