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Pharmocology - Joy > Aminoglycosides > Flashcards

Aminoglycosides Flashcards

1
Q

T/F aminoglycosides are more active in alkaline than acid pH

A

True

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2
Q

T/F aminoglycosides has good activity against anaerobes

A

False

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3
Q

Give the 3 reasons why protein synthesis is inhibited by amino glycosides

A
  1. Interference with initiation complex of peptide formation
  2. Misreading of RNA
  3. Breakup of polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes
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4
Q

Peak concentration of aminoglycosides is within how many minutes after IM administration?

A

30-90 mins

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5
Q

Rate of infusion when given in IV

A

30-60 mins

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6
Q

At what level its concentration is predictive of toxicity?

A

> 2mcg/mL

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7
Q

Dose if cc is >60 mL/min

A

5 mkd OD for gentamicin or tobramycin

15mg/kg for amikacin

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8
Q

Dose if cc is <60 mL/min

A

q8 - 12 hours (TID/BID)

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9
Q

Most nephrotoxic drugs

A

Gentamicin, neomicin, tobramycin

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10
Q

Most ototoxic

A

Neomycin, kanamycin, amikacin

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11
Q

Most vestibulotoxic

A

Gentamicin, streptomycin

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12
Q

Crurare-like effect with neuromuscular blockade causes respiratory paralysis is reversed by what drugs?

A

Calcium gluconate or neostigmine

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13
Q

In combination of this drug achieve bactericidal activity in treatment of enterococcal endocarditis

A

Penicillin

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14
Q

A drug that should not be used in combination with other agents to prevent resistance

A

Streptomycin

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15
Q

Streptomycin dosage

A
  1. 5-1g/dose: adults

7. 5-15mkd: children

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16
Q

The combination of these drugs is used against agents caused by tularemia, plague and bricelliosis

A

Streptomycin + tetracycline

17
Q

Most serious adverse effecr of streptomycin

A

Vertigo and loss of balance

18
Q

Resistance in gentamicin is commonly due to?

A

Plasmid-encoded aminoglycoside-modyfying enzymes

19
Q

T/F Aminoglycosides should not be used for single-agent therapy of pneumonia because penetration of infected lung tissue is poor and local conditions of low pH and low oxygen tension contribute to poor activity.

A

True

20
Q

Which is more active against S. marcescens? Tobramycin or gentamycin?

A

Gentamycin

21
Q

Which is more active against P. aeruginosa? Tobramycin or gentamycin?

A

Tobramycin

22
Q

T/F E. faecalis is both susceptible to tobramycin and gentamicin

A

True

23
Q

Which is resistant against E. Faecium? Tobramycin or gentamicin?

A

Tobramycin

24
Q

Dosage of amikacin in treating tuberculosis

A

7.5-15 mg/kg/d, OD or 2-3 times weekly injection

Pharmocology - Joy (5 decks)

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