AMINOGLYCOSIDES - brainscape.xlsx - Sheet1

Question 1

Maintain serum concentration level above the ________ inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Answer 1

minimum

Question 2

Some drugs and aminoglycosides:
As the plasma level is increased above the MIC, the drug kills an (INCREASING/DECREASING) proportion of bacteria at a more rapid rate

Answer 2

increasing

Question 3

• ________ related to time above MIC

Answer 3

Directly

Question 4

(INDEPENDENT/DEPENDENT) of concentration once the MIC is reached

Answer 4

Independent

Question 5

Aminoglycosides’ killing action _______ when the plasma levels have declined below measurable levels

Answer 5

continues

Question 6

Greater efficacy when administered as a _______ than when given as multiple smaller doses

Answer 6

single large dose

Question 7

Toxicity (in contrast to antibacterial activity) depends on a ________ and on that__________

Answer 7

critical plasma concentration; time such a level is exceeded

Question 8

Time above such threshold is ______ with single large dose

Answer 8

shorter

Question 9

Structurally related amino sugars attached by ________

Answer 9

glycosidic linkages

Question 10

Polar compounds therefore _______

Answer 10

Not absorbed orally

Question 11

Given intramuscularly or intravenously for systemic effects (T/F)

Answer 11

F

Question 12

______ tissue penetration

Answer 12

Limited

Question 13

Crosses readily cross the blood-brain barrier (T/F)

Answer 13

F

Question 14

Major mode of excretion

Answer 14

Glomerular filtration

Question 15

Plasma levels are affected by changes in _______

Answer 15

renal function

Question 16

Excretion is directly proportional to _________

Answer 16

creatinine clearance

Question 17

With normal renal function, elimination half-life is _____

Answer 17

2-3 h

Question 18

Dosage adjustment must be made in renal insufficiency to avoid ______

Answer 18

toxic accumulation

Question 19

Monitoring plasma levels is needed for safe and effective dosage selection and adjustment (T/F)

Answer 19

T

Question 20

For traditional dosing regimens

Answer 20

2 or 3 times daily

Question 21

Measured at 30-60 minutes after administration

Answer 21

Peak serum levels

Question 22

Measured just before the next dose

Answer 22

l Trough serum levels

Question 23

l Bactericidal (irreversible) inhibitors of _________

Answer 23

protein synthesis

Question 24

Penetration of bacterial cell wall is partly dependent on ________

Answer 24

O2-dependent active transport

Question 25

(MINIMAL/MAXIMAL) activity against strict anaerobes

Answer 25

Minimal

Question 26

Transport is enhanced by __________ inhibitors

Answer 26

cell wall synthesis

Question 27

l  Bind to ______ ribosomal unit

Answer 27

30S

Question 28

l  Interfere with protein synthesis

Answer 28

1. Block formation of initiation complex 2. Cause misreading of the code on the mRNA template 3. Inhibit translocation

Question 29

Streptococci, including S. pneumoniae

Answer 29

Failure to penetrate into the cell

Question 30

Enterococci

Answer 30

Failure to penetrate into the cell

Question 31

• Group transferases

Answer 31

Catalyze the acetylation of amine functions; Transfer of phosphoryl or adenyl groups to the Oxygen atoms of hydroxyl groups on the aminoglycoside

Question 32

Transferases produced by enterococci can inactivate

Answer 32

• Amikacin, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Not streptomycin,

Question 33

l  Serious infections caused by aerobic gram (-) bacteria

Answer 33

GENTAMICIN, TOBRAMYCIN, and AMIKACIN

Question 34

• E. coli Enterobacter (+/-)

Answer 34

negative

Question 35

• Klebsiella Proteus (+/-)

Answer 35

negative

Question 36

• Providencia Pseudomonas (+/-)

Answer 36

negative

Question 37

Serratia (+/-)

Answer 37

negative

Question 38

 Combined with penicillin in the treatment for (3)

Answer 38

Pseudomonalm, Listerial, Enterococcal infections

Question 39

STREPTOMYCIN is used for (3)

Answer 39

Tuberculosis, Plague, Tularemia

Question 40

 Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) strains of M. tb resistant to streptomycin maybe susceptible to amikacin (T/F)

Answer 40

TRUE

Question 41

NEOMYCIN is used (Topically/Orally)

Answer 41

topically

Question 42

NEOMYCIN is if used locally causes ______ in the GIT

Answer 42

Eliminate bacterial flora

Question 43

Drug reserved for serious infections resistant to other aminoglycosides

Answer 43

NETILMICIN

Question 44

This drug is aminocylitol related to aminoglycosides

Answer 44

SPECTINOMYCIN

Question 45

It is a back-up drug

Answer 45

SPECTINOMYCIN

Question 46

SPECTINOMYCIN is used intramuscular as single dose for ______

Answer 46

gonorrhea

Question 47

Toxicity to the ears

Answer 47

OTOTOXICITY

Question 48

Auditory or vestibular damage (or both) maybe (REVERSIBLE/IRREVERSIBLE)

Answer 48

irreversible

Question 49

``` WHICH OF THE FF DRUGS CAUSE Auditory impairment AND Vestibular dysfunction: Amikacin Gentamicin Kanamycin Tobramycin ```

Answer 49

• Auditory impairment Amikacin and kanamycin • Vestibular dysfunction Gentamicin and tobramycin

Question 50

Toxicity risk is ________ to the plasma levels

Answer 50

proportionate

Question 51

_____ in pregnancy

Answer 51

Contraindicated

Question 52

Acute tubular necrosis (REVERSIBLE/IRREVERSIBLE)

Answer 52

Reversible

Question 53

Most nephrotoxic aminoglycoside drugs (2)

Answer 53

• Gentamicin and tobramycin

Question 54

NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKADE (COMMON/RARE)

Answer 54

RARE

Question 55

 Treatment for neuromuscular blockade (3)

Answer 55

Calcium, Neostigmine, Ventilatory support

Question 56

Causes allergic skin reactions like contact dermatitis

Answer 56

Neomycin