Amniotic Fluid Related Complications

Question 1

• a clear, slightly yellowish
liquid that surrounds the
unborn baby (fetus)
during pregnancy

• contained in the amniotic sac
(2 membranes: chorion & the amnion)

Answer 1

Amniotic Fluid

Question 2

Functions of Amniotic Fluid

Answer 2

1.) Aids in the growth and development of the baby’s lungs

2.) Cushions and protects the baby

3.) Helps the baby’s muscles and bones develop

4.) Keeps the umbilical cord from being compressed

Question 3

Excessive amniotic fluid surrounding the fetus

Answer 3

Polyhydramnios

Question 4

1.) Fluid volume gradually increases

2.) Volume increases rapidly over a period of few days

Usually diagnosed between 20 and 24 weeks gestation

Answer 4

1.) Chronic

2.) Acute

Question 5

Hydramnios Assessments

Answer 5

1.) Associated with maternal Disorders
- DM
- Rh Sensitization
- Multiple Gestations
2.) FH increases out of proportion to the gestational age

3.) As amount of fluid increases may have difficulty palpating fetus and auscultating FHR

Question 6

Hydramnios Assessment part 2

Answer 6

1.) Severe cases the maternal abdomen appears extremely tense and tight on inspection

2.) on sonography large spaces can be identified between the fundus and uterine wall

Question 7

when the amniotic fluid is 3000ml or more the woman experiences…

Answer 7

1.) SOB

2.) Edema in the lower extremities

Question 8

Fetal Neonatal Implications

Answer 8

1.) Fetal malformations

2.) Preterm birth

3.) Perinatal morality rate is fairly high

4.) Prolapsed cord can occur with PROM

Question 9

a rare condition that occurs when identical twins share an abnormal placenta and blood flows unevenly between them

Answer 9

twin-twin transfusion

Question 10

If the fetus has been diagnosed with a congenital defect in utero or is born with defect, the family needs_____

Answer 10

Psychologic Support

Question 11

a rare birth defect that prevents a baby from swallowing food from their mouth to their stomach. It occurs when the esophagus doesn’t develop properly during pregnancy.

Answer 11

Esophageal Atresia

Question 12

a birth defect that occurs when the esophagus and trachea are abnormally connected. This allows food and liquid to pass into the lungs, which can lead to pneumonia and other respiratory problems

Answer 12

Esophageal Fistula

Question 13

Removal of excessive amniotic fluid

Answer 13

Amniocentesis

Question 14

Amount of amniotic fluid is severely reduced and concentrated (less than 500ml)

Normal amniotic fluid is 600 to 800ml depending on gestational age

Answer 14

Oligohydramnios

Question 15

Etiology

Answer 15

1.) Found in cases of post maturity with IUGR secondary to placental insufficiency

2.) In fetal conditions associated with major renal malformations including renal aplasia with dysplastic kidneys

Question 16

Possible Causes of oligohydramnios

Answer 16

1.) Congenital Anomalies of fetal kidneys

2.) If mother is dehydrated

3.) If pregnancy more than 2 weeks past due date

Question 17

Oligo Assessments

Answer 17

1.) Labor can be dysfunctional

2.) Progress is slow

3.) Cesarian Birth

Question 18

Oligo Assessment 2

1.) During antepartum period uterus does not increase in size according to ________

2.) Fetus is not _____

Answer 18

1.) Gestational Age

2.) Ballotable

Question 19

Fetus Biophysical profile

Answer 19

1.) Amniotic Fluid

2.) Heartbeat

3.) Body movements

4.) Muscle tone

5.) Breathing

Question 20

fetus can be assessed by_____

Answer 20

1.) Biophysical Profile

2.) Nonstress test

3.) Serial Ultra sound

Question 21

1.) Absence of one or more kidney

Answer 21

Renal Aplasia

Question 22

1.) may compromise normal symmetrical development of the limb bones via growth constraints

2.) A development abnormalities of the lung characterized by a decrease in the number of alveoli , cells and airways

Answer 22

1.) fetal and Skeletal Abnormalities

2.) Pulmonary Hypoplasia

Question 23

If oligohydramnios occurs in the first part of pregnancy, there is danger of _____

Answer 23

Fetal Adhesions

Question 24

1.) fetus is monitored by continuous______ to detect cord compression variable decelerations

2.) Transcervical instillation of 500ml of warm sterile saline followed by continuous infusion of 100-200ml per hour

Answer 24

1.) EFM

2.) Amnioinfusion (Allows the cord to flow and lessens cord compression)

Question 25

Tracing for the presence of variable decelerations or other non reassuring signs

Answer 25

Electronic fetal monitoring

Question 26

A small amount of amniotic fluid leaks into the chorionic plate and enter the maternal system A rare but serious condition and occurs during labor, during birth or within 30 minutes after birth

Answer 26

Amniotic Fluid Embolism

Question 28

Immune system responds by releasing products that cause an inflammatory reaction activating ____________ in the mothers lungs and blood vessels that can result in a serious __________ disorder ____

Answer 28

1.) Abnormal Clotting 2.) Blood CLotting 3.) DIC

Question 29

Assessment for Amniotic fluid embolism

Answer 29

• Sudden onset of respiratory distress • Chest pain • Dyspnea • Frothy sputum • Circulatory collapse (Sudden failure of the heart to effectively pump blood ) • Cyanosis • Tachycardia • Hypotension • Acute hemorrhage • Massive hemorrhage

Question 30

Implementation for Amniotic fluid embolism

Answer 30

1.) Oxygenate 2.) Prepare for intubation and mechanical ventilation 3.) Initiate with CPR and tilt woman 30 degrees to her side to displace uterus

Question 31

Implementation of Amniotic Fluid Embolism 2

Answer 31

1.) Maintain cardiac output and replace fluid losses 2.) Position woman onto her side 3.) Administer intravenous fluids 4.) Admnister blood products