AMNIOTIC, SEROUS, SYNOVIAL, GASTRIC Flashcards
(178 cards)
1
Q
Synovial Fluid Volume
A
< 3.5 mL
2
Q
Synovial Fluid Color
A
Colorless to pale yellow
3
Q
Synovial Fluid Clarity
A
Clear
4
Q
Synovial Fluid Viscosity
A
Able to form a string 4 to 6 cm long
5
Q
Synovial Fluid Leukocyte count
A
< 200 cells/uL
6
Q
Synovial Fluid Neutrophils
A
< 25% of the differential
7
Q
Synovial Fluid Crystals
A
None present
8
Q
Synovial Fluid Glucose:plasma difference
A
< 10 mg/dL lower than the blood glucose level
9
Q
Synovial Fluid Total protein
A
<3 g/dL
10
Q
Synovial Fluid Uric acid
A
Equal to blood concentration
11
Q
Synovial Fluid Increased volume
A
Severe joint involvement
12
Q
Synovial Fluid Yellow and cloudy
A
Inflammatory process
13
Q
Synovial Fluid Milky (white/cloudy)
A
Crystals
14
Q
Synovial Fluid Red, brown, or xanthochromic
A
Hemorrhage
15
Q
Synovial Fluid Greenish
A
Bacterial infection
16
Q
Forms shorter strings or run out of the syringe and down the side of the test tube like water
A
Synovial Fluid Poor/low viscosity (<3cm strings)
17
Q
Gastric Fluid Appearance
A
Translucent, pale gray, and slightly viscous, no food, blood, drugs, or bile pigment
18
Q
Synovial Fluid Poor/low viscosity (<3cm strings)
A
Arthritis; Indicates inflammation
19
Q
Gastric Fluid Volume
A
50-75mL
20
Q
Gastric Fluid Odor
A
faintly pungent
21
Q
Gastric Fluid pH
A
1.6-1.9 (1.5-3.5)
22
Q
Gastric Fluid Mucus
A
separates in 3 layers on standing
mucus, opalescent fluid, sediments
23
Q
Gastric Fluid Yellow to green
A
bile
24
Q
Gastric Fluid Red
A
trauma during collection
25
Gastric Fluid Coffee ground/brownish-red
old blood; gastric bleeding
26
Gastric Fluid Fasting state
20 to 50 ml
27
Gastric Fluid After a test meal
20 to 80 ml
28
Gastric Fluid After chemical stimulation
45 to 150 ml (alcohol/histamine)
29
contained in the pericardium enclosing the
heart
30
contained in pleural cavity enclosing the
lungs
31
contained in the peritoneum enclosing the
abdominal organs
32
Pericardial Fluid NV:
<10mL
33
Pleural Fluid NV:
10 to 50 mL
34
Peritoneal Fluid NV:
≤ 100 mL
35
Pericardial Fluid Normal:
clear, pale yellow
36
Pericardial Fluid: Blood-streaked
infection, malignancy
37
Pericardial Fluid Grossly bloody:
accidental cardiac puncture, anticoagulant medications
38
Pericardial Fluid Milky:
chylous and pseudochylous sample
39
Pleural Fluid Normal:
clear or pale yellow
40
Pleural Fluid Turbid:
presence of WBCs (infection)
41
Pleural Fluid Viscous:
malignant mesothelioma (↑ hyaluronic acid; type of cancer that develops in the lining that covers the outer surface of some organs)
42
Pleural Fluid Milky:
chylous or pseudochylous effusions
43
Pleural Fluid Bloody:
malignancy, hemothorax
44
Pleural Fluid Brown:
amoebic liver abscess rupture
45
Pleural Fluid Black:
Aspergillosis
46
Peritoneal Fluid Normal:
Clear, pale yellow
47
Peritoneal Fluid Turbid:
Microbial infection
48
Peritoneal Fluid Green:
Bile, gallbladder, pancreatic disorders
49
Peritoneal Fluid Blood-streaked:
Trauma, infection, or malignancy
50
Peritoneal Fluid Milky:
Blood trauma injury (<100,000 RBC/mL)
51
From thoracic duct leakage
Chylous Effusion
52
Chronic inflammatory conditions
Pseudochylous Effusion
53
Extractable in ETHER
Chylous Effusion
54
NOT Extractable in ETHER
NOT Extractable in ETHER
55
Stained by Sudan III
Chylous Effusion
56
Stained by Sudan III
Stained by Sudan III
57
(-) Cholesterol crystals
Chylous Effusion
58
(+) Cholesterol crystals
(+) Cholesterol crystals
59
Predominant Lymphocytes
Chylous Effusion
60
Mixed Cells
Mixed Cells
61
> 110 mg/dL TAG
Chylous Effusion
62
< 50 mg/dL TAG
< 50 mg/dL TAG
63
Milky white
Chylous Effusion
64
Milky green
Milky green
65
– fluid accumulation between peritoneal membranes
Ascites
66
: Sensitive for the detection of intra-abdominal bleeding in blunt trauma cases
Peritoneal lavage
67
Peritoneal lavage RBC count
> 100,000/uL
68
Serum:Ascites Albumin gradient (SAAG)
: transudate
: exudate
≥ 1.1
< 1.1
69
Pericardial Fluid Increased Neutrophils
Bacterial endocarditis
70
Pericardial Fluid Malignant Cells
Metastatic carcinoma
71
Pericardial Fluid CEA
Metastatic carcinoma
72
Pericardial Fluid Gram stain and culture
Bacterial endocarditis
73
Pericardial Fluid Acid fast and adenosine deaminase
Tuberculosis effusion
74
Pleural Fluid Neutrophils
Pneumonia, pancreatitis, pulmonary infarction
75
Pleural Fluid Lymphocytes
Tuberculosis, viral infection, autoimmune disorders, malignancy
76
Pleural Fluid Mesothelial Cells
Normal and reactive forms have no clinical significance, decreased numbers in associated with tuberculosis
77
Pleural Fluid Plasma Cells
Tuberculosis
78
Pleural Fluid Malignant Cells
Primary adenocarcinoma and small-cell carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma
79
Peritoneal Fluid Cellular Examination
WBCs, mesothelial cells, and macrophages
80
Peritoneal Fluid WBC count:
– normal
– bacterial peritonitis and cirrhosis
<500 cells/uL
>500 cells/uL
81
Peritoneal Fluid Neutrophils
Pneumonia, pancreatitis, pulmonary infarction
82
Pericardial Fluid Cells
83
Pleural Fluid Cells
84
Peritoneal Fluid Cells
85
Synovial Fluid Cells
86
Vacuolated macrophages with ingested neutrophils
Reiter cells
87
Seen in Reiter’s syndrome and non-specific inflammation
Reiter cells
88
Neutrophils with small, dark, cytoplasmic granules of precipitated rheumatoid factor
RA cells/Ragocytes
89
Seen in rheumatoid arthritis and immunologic inflammation
RA cells/Ragocytes
90
Neutrophil containing a characteristic ingested round body
LE cell
91
Seen in systemic lupus erythematosus
LE cell
92
Monocytes that contain an engulfed nuclear material
Tart cell
93
May be mistaken as an LE cell
Tart cell
94
Similar to macrophage, but may be multinucleated
Synovial lining cell
95
Also resembles mesothelial cells
Synovial lining cell
96
Normally seen in synovial fluid
Synovial lining cell
97
Large, multinucleated cell
Cartilage cell
98
Seen in osteoarthritis
Cartilage cell
99
Macroscopically resemble polished rice
Rice bodies
100
Microscopically show collagen fibers and fibrin strands
Rice bodies
101
Seen in tuberculosis, sepsis and rheumatoid arthritis
Rice bodies
102
Refractile intracellular and extracellular globules
Fat droplets
103
Seen in traumatic injury
Fat droplets
104
Inclusions within clusters of synovial cells
Hemosiderin
105
Seen in pigmented villonodular synovitis
Hemosiderin
106
Debris from metal and plastic joint prosthesis
Ochronotic shards
107
Look like ground pepper
Ochronotic shards
108
No significant diagnostic value
Ochronotic shards
109
Seen in bacterial sepsis and crystal-induced inflammation
Neutrophil
110
Seen in non-septic inflammation
Lymphocyte
111
Seen in acute rheumatoid arthritis, parasitism and Lyme disease
Eosinophil
112
May contain vacuolations
Macrophage and Monocyte
113
Normally seen in synovial fluid, but may also indicate viral infection
Macrophage and Monocyte
114
Normally seen in synovial fluid, but may also indicate viral infection
115
unresponsive pneumonia and esophageal rupture
↓pH
116
rheumatoid inflammation and purulent infection
↓Glucose
117
pancreatitis, esophageal rupture, malignancy
↑Pleural Fluid Amylase
118
chylous infection
↑Pleural Fluid Triglycerides
119
tubercular peritonitis and malignancy
↓Peritoneal Fluid Glucose
120
pancreatitis, gastrointestinal perforations
↑ Peritoneal Fluid Amylase
121
malignancy of gastrointestinal origin
Peritoneal Fluid CEA
122
Peritoneal Fluid CA 125
malignancy of the ovaries, fallopian tubes or endometrium
123
Carcinoembryonic antigen
CEA
123
assayed in ruptured bladder or accidental puncture of the bladder during paracentesis
Peritoneal Fluid BUN and creatinine
124
Metastatic uterine cancer
CA 125
125
Breast cancer
CA 15.3 and CA 549
126
Lung cancer
CYFRA 21-1
127
Degenerative joint disorders
Noninflammatory
128
osteoarthritis
Noninflammatory
129
Immunologic disorders
Inflammatory
130
rheumatoid arthritis
Inflammatory
131
lupus erythematosus
Inflammatory
132
scleroderma
Inflammatory
133
polymyositis
Inflammatory
134
ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory
135
rheumatic fever
Inflammatory
136
Lyme arthritis
Inflammatory
137
Crystal-induced gout and pseudogout
Inflammatory
138
Microbial infection
Septic
139
Traumatic injury
Hemorrhagic
140
tumors
Hemorrhagic
141
hemophilia
Hemorrhagic
142
other coagulation disorders
Hemorrhagic
143
anticoagulant overdose
Hemorrhagic
144
Clear, yellow fluid
Noninflammatory
Inflammatory
145
Good viscosity
Noninflammatory
146
WBCs < 1000uL
Noninflammatory
147
Neutrophils < 30%
Noninflammatory
148
Normal glucose (similar to blood glucose)
Noninflammatory
Hemorrhagic
149
Poor viscosity
Inflammatory
150
WBCs: 2000 to 75,000 uL
Inflammatory
151
Neutrophils > 50%
Inflammatory
152
Decreased glucose level
Inflammatory
153
Possible autoantibodies present
Inflammatory
154
Cloudy or milky fluid
Inflammatory
155
Low viscosity
Inflammatory
Hemorrhagic
156
WBCs up to 100,000uL
Inflammatory
157
Neutrophils < 70%
Inflammatory
158
Decreased glucose level
Inflammatory
Septic
159
Crystals present
Inflammatory
160
Cloudy, yellow-green fluid
Septic
161
Variable viscosity
Septic
162
WBCs 50,000 to 100,000 uL
Septic
163
Neutrophils > 75%
Septic
164
Positive culture and Gram stain
Septic
165
Cloudy, red fluid
Hemorrhagic
166
WBCs equal to blood
Hemorrhagic
167
Neutrophils equal to blood
Hemorrhagic
168
SEROUS FLUID: for cell counts, morphology and differential count
EDTA
169
SEROUS FLUID: for chemistry tests
Heparinized or Clotted blood
170
SEROUS FLUID: for microbiology and cytology
Sterile heparinized
171
SEROUS FLUID: specimens for pH
Anaerobically on ice
172
SYNOVIAL FLUIDS Chemistry
Non-anticoagulated NaF
173
SYNOVIAL FLUIDS Glucose analysis
Heparin
174
SYNOVIAL FLUIDS Microscopic examination: Cell counts
Liquid EDTA
175
SYNOVIAL FLUIDS Microbiology: Gram stain and culture
Sterile heparinized tube SPS tube
176
—via mouth; for washing and emptying stomach in case of poisoning
—via mouth; for the collection of gastric and duodenal contents
—for gastric collection
—for gastric collection
—via nose, for gastric collection
177
—via mouth; for washing and emptying stomach in case of poisoning
—via mouth; for the collection of gastric and duodenal contents
—for gastric collection
—for gastric collection
—via nose, for gastric collection
