Amoeba Flashcards
(276 cards)
1
Q
Protozoa came from the Latin words ____ and ____.
A
Proto and Zoa/Zoon
2
Q
Proto means ____.
A
first
3
Q
Zoa or Zoon means ____.
A
animals
4
Q
____ are unicellular organisms that performs reproduction, digestion, respiration, excretion, etc.
A
Protozoa
5
Q
Protozoans are ____ organisms.
A
unicellular
6
Q
Distinguishing characteristics of Protozoa
A
- Ability to move at some stages in their life cycle
- Absence of cell wall
7
Q
TRUE OR FALSE.
Protozoa is an example of a prokaryotic cell
A
False
8
Q
Do protozoans have a true nucleus?
A
Yes
9
Q
Composition of Protozoa
A
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
* Endoplasm
* Ectoplasm - Structures for locomotion
- Plasma membrane
- Cytostome
- Chromotoidal bodies
10
Q
The ____ of a protozoa is usually single, but may be double or multiple.
A
Nucleus
11
Q
TRUE OR FALSE.
The nucleus of a protozoa can either be single, double or multiple.
A
True
12
Q
The ____ of a protozoa contains one or more nucleoli or a central karyosome.
A
Nucleus
13
Q
The nucleus of a protozoa contains one or more nucleoli or a ____.
A
central karyosome
14
Q
TRUE OR FALSE.
The nucleoli of a protozoa is only one
A
False
It can be one or more
15
Q
The ____ is a DNA containing body which is situated peripherally or centrally within the nucleus.
A
Karyosome
16
Q
Which Part of the Cytoplasm?
Inner, granulated, and dense part
A
Endoplasm
17
Q
Why is Endoplasm granulated?
A
Because it contains a number of structures in the cell
18
Q
____ regulate osmotic pressure between the parasite and its environment.
A
Contractile vacuoles
19
Q
Which Part of the Cytoplasm?
Outer, non-granulated, and watery part
A
Ectoplasm
20
Q
Which Part of the Cytoplasm?
Homogenous and serves as an organ for motility and engulfment.
A
Ectoplasm
21
Q
The ectoplasm serves as an organ for motility and engulfment by producing ____.
A
Pseudopodia
22
Q
Which Part of the Cytoplasm?
Helps in respiration, discharging waste material and providing protective covering.
A
Ectoplasm
23
Q
Structures for locomotion
A
- Pseudopodia
- Cilia
- Flagella
- Undulating membrane
24
Q
Which Structure for Locomotion?
Fingerlike
A
Pseudopodia
25
# **Which Structure for Locomotion?**
Tail-like
Flagella
26
# **Which Structure for Locomotion?**
Hair-like
Cilia
27
The ____ of a protozoa controls secretions and excretions.
Plasma membrane
28
The ____ of a protozoa is referred to as the cell mouth.
Cytostome
29
The ____ of a protozoa serves as a storage for glycogen proteins.
Chromotoidal bodies
30
The chromotoidal bodies of a protozoa serves as a storage for ____.
glycogen proteins
31
Classification of Protozoan Parasites
* Phylum **Sarcomastigaphora**
* Phylum **Ciliophora**
* Phylum **Apicomplexa**
* Phylum **Microscopora**
32
Protozoans were classified into 4 groups according to their ____.
* Structure
* Organ for locomotion
33
Phylum Sarcomastigophora is further divided into subphylums ____.
* Sarcodina
* Mastigophora
34
Subphylum Sarcodina organ for locomotion ____.
Pseudopodia
35
____ are hyaline foot-like extrusions of the Ectoplasm, which are involved in locomotion and phagocytosis.
Pseudopodia
36
Subphylum Mastigophora organ for locomotion ____.
Flagella
37
Subphylum ____ are referred to as "Flagellates".
Mastigophora
38
____ means "whip."
Mastics
39
Subphylum Mastigophora is further divided into ____.
* Atrial Flagellates
* Hemoflagellates
40
Flagellates in the alimentary and urogenital tract are called ____.
Atrial Flagellates
41
Atrial flagellates are found in the ____.
Alimentary tract and Urogenital tract
42
Flagellates in the blood and tissue are called ____.
Hemoflagellates
43
Hemoflagellates are found in the ____.
blood and tissues
44
Subphylum Sarcodina
* *Acanthamoeba castellani*
* *Endolimax nana*
* *Entamoeba coli*
* *Entamoeba dispar*
* *Entamoeba gingivalis*
* *Entamoeba histolytica*
* *Iodamoeba butschlii*
* *Naegleria fowleri*
45
**Subphylum Mastigphora:** Atrial Flagellates
* *Chilomastix mesnili*
* *Dientamoeba fragilis*
* *Giardia lamblia*
* *Trichomonas hominis*
* *Trichomonas tenax*
* *Trichomonas vaginalis*
46
**Subphylum Mastigphora:** Hemoflagellates
* *Leishmania braziliensis*
* *Leishmania donovani*
* *Leishmania tropica*
* *Tryopanosoma brucei complex*
* *Trypanosoma cruzi*
47
Phylum Ciliophora organ for locomotion ____.
Cilia
48
Phylum Ciliophora
*Balantidium coli*
49
Which phylum is the most active?
Phylum Ciliophora
50
____ is commonly known to cause infection.
*Balantidium coli*
51
Phylum Apicomplexa
* *Babesia* spp.
* *Cryptosporidium hominis*
* *Cyclospora cayetanensis*
* *Cystoisospora belli*
* *Plasmodium* spp.
* *Toxoplasma gondii*
52
____ has spore-like bodies.
Phylum Apicomplexa
53
____ are seen as amoeboid form but they are not related to sarcodina.
Phylum Apicomplexa
54
Phylum Microspora
* *Enterocytozoon bieneusi*
* *Encephalitozoon* spp.
* *Vittaforma cornea*
* *Trachipleistophora hominis*
* *Pleistophora* spp.
* *Anncaliia vesicularum*
* *Microsporidium* spp.
55
____ are spore-forming parasites.
Phylum Microspora
56
____ are opportunistic parasites.
Phylum Microspora
57
Two processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans
* Encystation
* Excystation
58
# **2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans**
____ is a stage forming a cyst or becoming enclosed to a capsule.
Encystation
59
Encystation takes place in the ____.
rectum
60
# **2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans**
This stage happens when conditions are unfavorable
Encystation
61
# **2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans**
Takes place when feces are dehydrated or soon after the feces have been excreted
Encystation
62
# **2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans**
Trophozoite -- cyst
Encystation
63
# **2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans**
Escape from cyst or envelope, which produces a trophozoite.
Excystation
64
Excystation takes place in the ____.
large intestine
65
# **2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans**
Takes place after the cyst has been ingested
Excystation
66
# **2 processes commonly encountered in the life cycle of the protozoans**
Cyst -- trophozoite
Excystation
67
All Entamoeba are ____ except for *E. histolytica*.
commensal
68
All Entamoeba are commensal except for ____.
*Entamoeba histolytica*
69
Amebae have a ____ life cycle.
simple
| **Forms:** Trophozoite & Cyst
70
____ is the active, motile, feeding form of Amebae.
Trophozoite
71
____ is the resistant to environmental conditions, and infective form of Amebae.
Cyst
72
Amebae have ____ which are finger-like structures for movement.
Pseudopodium (false-feet)
73
"false-feet"
Pseudopodium
74
____ is formed by sudden jerky movement of the ectoplasm in one direction.
Pseudopodium
75
How are pseudopodia formed?
By the sudden jerky movements of the ectoplasm in one direction
76
Amebae undergo Encystation EXCEPT ____.
* *Entamoeba gingivalis*
* *Dientamoeba fragilis*
77
____ have only trophozoite form.
* *Entamoeba gingivalis*
* *Dientamoeba fragilis*
78
*Entamoeba gingivalis* and *Dientamoeba fragilis* only have ____ form.
Trophozoite
79
Amebae inhabit the large intestine EXCEPT ____.
*Entamoeba gingivalis*
80
*Entamoeba gingivalis* inhabits the ____.
gums
81
____ is the presence of amoeba in any part of the body.
Amebiasis
82
Which member of amoeba specifically causes Amebiasis?
*Entamoeba histolytica*
83
Amebae multiplies through ____.
binary fission (asexual)
84
Amebiasis is the ____ most important parasitic disease.
3rd
85
Three Important Parasitic Diseases
* Malaria
* Schistosomiasis
* Amebiasis
86
____ is the most invasive member of the Amebae family.
*Entamoeba histolytica*
87
*Entamoeba histolytica* is the only member of the Amebae family that can cause ____.
* Colitis
* Liver abscess
88
Morphologic Forms of *Entamoeba histolytica*
1. Trophozoite
2. Pre-cyst
3. Cyst
4. Metacyst
89
# **Morphologic Forms of *E. histolytica***
Divides through binary fission, and capable of encystation.
Trophozoite
90
# **Morphologic Forms of *E. histolytica***
Colonizes the large intestine
Trophozoite
91
The trophozoite form of *Entamoeba histolytica* colonizes the ____.
large intestine
92
# **Morphologic Forms of *E. histolytica***
Vegetative and motile stage (feeding stage)
Trophozoite
93
Trophozoite are found in ____.
Fresh, watery, soft or semi-formed stool
94
# **Morphologic Forms of *E. histolytica***
Found in fresh watery, soft, or semi-formed stool
Trophozoite
95
# **Morphologic Forms of *E. histolytica***
____ is a fragile form of *Entamoeba histolytica*.
Trophozoite
96
# **Morphologic Forms of *E. histolytica***
____ has a uninucleate cyst.
Pre-cyst
97
# **TRUE OR FALSE.**
The pre-cyst form of *Entamoeba histolytica* is multinucleated.
False
| **Reason:** It is uninucleated
98
# **Morphologic Forms of *E. histolytica***
____ contains large glycogen vacuole and two chromatid bars, and secretes a highly retractile cyst wall around it.
Pre-cyst
99
Pre-cyst contains a ____.
large glycogen vacuole and two chromatid bars
100
Pre-cyst secretes a ____.
highly retractile cyst wall
101
# **Morphologic Forms of *E. histolytica***
____ has a protective thick cell wall, and is capable of excystation.
Cyst
102
# **Morphologic Forms of *E. histolytica***
Non-motile, non-feeding stage
Cyst
103
# **Morphologic Forms of *E. histolytica***
Found in soft to formed stool
Cyst
104
Cyst is found in ____.
Soft to formed stool
105
Cyst is resistant in ____.
acidic pH
106
# **Morphologic Forms of *E. histolytica***
____ is resistant to acidic pH.
Cyst
107
The cell wall of a cyst contains ____.
hyaline
108
# **Morphologic Forms of *E. histolytica***
____ is a liberated quadrinucleate amoeba during excystation.
Metacyst
109
# **Morphologic Forms of *E. histolytica***
Infective stage
Metacyst
110
# **Morphologic Forms of *E. histolytica***
Matured form of *Entamoeba histolytica*
Metacyst
111
The infective stage of *Entamoeba histolytica* involes a ____.
mature quadrinucleated cyst passed in feces
112
*Entamoeba histolytica* mode of transmission
* Fecal-oral route
* Ingestion of contaminated food or water
* Contaminated equipment
* Sexual transmission (venereal)
113
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Trophozoite**
***Entamoeba histolytica:*** Movement
* Unidirectional
* Progressive
114
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Trophozoite**
***Entamoeba coli:*** Movement
* Sluggish
* Non-progressive
* Non-directional
115
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Trophozoite**
***Entamoeba histolytica:*** Shape of pseudopodia
Finger-like
116
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Trophozoite**
***Entamoeba coli:*** Shape of pseudopodia
Blunted
117
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Trophozoite**
***Entamoeba histolytica:*** Manner or release of pseudopodia
One at a time or Explosive
118
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Trophozoite**
***Entamoeba coli:*** Manner or release of pseudopodia
Several at a time
119
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Trophozoite**
***Entamoeba histolytica:*** Nucleus
Uninucleated (central karyosome)
120
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Trophozoite**
***Entamoeba coli:*** Nucleus
Uninucleated (eccentric karyosome)
121
____ has a central karyosome.
*Entamoeba histolytica*
122
____ has an eccentric karyosome.
*Entamoeba coli*
123
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Trophozoite**
***Entamoeba histolytica:*** Inclusions
RBCs
124
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Trophozoite**
***Entamoeba coli:*** Inclusions
Bacteria, yeast, debris
125
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Trophozoite**
***Entamoeba histolytica:*** Cytoplasm
Clean-looking
126
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Trophozoite**
***Entamoeba coli:*** Cytoplasm
Dirty-looking
127
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Trophozoite**
***Entamoeba histolytica:*** Size
Bigger
| **12-60 um**
128
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Trophozoite**
***Entamoeba coli:*** Size
Smaller
| **15-50 um**
129
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Cyst**
***Entamoeba histolytica:*** No. of nuclei
Quadrinucleate
130
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Cyst**
***Entamoeba coli:*** No. of nuclei
More than 4
131
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Cyst**
***Entamoeba histolytica:*** Chromatoidal bar
* Sausage-shaped
* Rod-shaped
* Cigar-shaped
132
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Cyst**
***Entamoeba coli:*** Chromatoidal bar
* Broomstick
* Splinter-like
133
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Cyst**
***Entamoeba histolytica:*** Nuclear membrane
Thin
134
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Cyst**
***Entamoeba coli:*** Nuclear membrane
Thick
135
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Cyst**
***Entamoeba histolytica:*** Size
Smaller
| **10-15 um**
136
# **Differences of *E. histolytica* & *E. coli* in terms of Cyst**
***Entamoeba coli:*** Size
Bigger
| **10-35 um**
137
# ***Entamoeba histolytica*** **Pathogenesis**
Symptoms of Amoebic Colitis
* Gradual onset of abdominal pain
* Diarrhea (with or w/o blood, mucus)
* **In children:** bloody diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain
138
____ is the most common extraintestinal form of amoebiasis.
Amoebic liver abscess
139
# ***Entamoeba histolytica*** **Pathogenesis**
Incubation period
4 days to 4 months
140
Uncomfortable belly or growling abdomen is a symptom of ____.
Intestinal amebiasis
141
A feature of intestinal amebiasis is the presence of ____.
Charcot-Leyden crystals
142
____ are a product from metabolism of eosinophils, found microscopically in the stool in cases of amoebic dysentery.
Charcot-Leyden Crystals
143
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Amoebic:** Onset
Gradual
144
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Bacillary:** Onset
Acute
145
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Amoebic:** Signs/Symptoms
No fever or vomiting
146
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Bacillary:** Signs/Symptoms
Fever and vomiting
147
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Amoebic:** Odor of feces
Offensive, fishy
148
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Bacillary:** Odor of feces
Odorless
149
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Amoebic:** Blood and mucus
(+)
150
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Bacillary:** Blood and mucus
Watery and bloody
151
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Amoebic:** pH
Acidic
152
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Bacillary:** pH
Alkaline
153
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Amoebic:** Pus cells/PMN/Neutrophils
Few
154
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Bacillary:** Pus cells/PMN/Neutrophils
Numerous
155
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Amoebic:** Cellular exudates
Scant
156
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Bacillary:** Cellular exudates
Massive
157
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Amoebic:** Pyknotic residue
Numerous
158
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Bacillary:** Pyknotic residue
Few
159
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Amoebic:** Charcot Leyden Crystals
Present
160
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Bacillary:** Charcot Leyden Crystals
Absent
161
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Amoebic:** Pathogenic amoeba
Present
162
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Bacillary:** Pathogenic amoeba
Absent
163
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Amoebic:** Bacteria
Few
164
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Bacillary:** Bacteria
Numerous
165
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Amoebic:** Macrophages
Absent
166
# **Amoebic Dysentery vs. Bacillary Dysentery**
**Bacillary:** Macrophages
Numerous
167
Common associated diseases of *Entamoeba histolytica*
* Intestinal amebiasis
* Amebic colitis
* Amebic dysentery
* Extraintestinal amebiasis
* Ulceration
168
*Entamoeba histolytica* also causes ulceration which is characterized by a ____.
"flask-shaped" ulcer
169
____ is a mass/tumor/carcinoma-like lesion seen in biopsies or colonoscopy.
Amoeboma
170
Virulence Factors of *Entamoeba histolytica*
* Galactose-inhibitable adherence lectin (Gal Lectin)
* Amoeba ionophore
* Cystein proteinase
171
How is Gal Lectin virulent?
It is a receptor mediated adherence protein, which allows amoeba to adhere to the target cell.
172
How is amoeba ionophore virulent?
It is responsible for cell lysis and tissue invasion
173
How is cystein proteinase virulent?
It is a tissue invading factor
174
____ is the most important virulence factor of *Entamoeba histolytica*.
Cystein proteinase
175
# **Virulence Factors of *Entamoeba histolytica***
Receptor mediated adherence of amoeba to target cells
Galactose-inhibitable adherence lectin (Gal Lectin)
176
# **Virulence Factors of *Entamoeba histolytica***
Responsible for cell lysis and tissue invasion
Amoeba ionophore
177
# **Virulence Factors of *Entamoeba histolytica***
The most important virulence factor, and a tissue invading factor.
Cystein proteinase
178
Trophozoite reach other parts of the body through the ____.
portal vein
179
How does extraintestinal amebiasis occur?
When *Entamoeba histolytica* invades the other parts of the body aside from the intestine.
180
____ is the most common extraintestinal form of amebiasis.
Amoebic liver abscess
181
*Entamoeba histolytica* diagnostic stage
Identification of the cyst or trophozoite
182
Sample of *Entamoeba histolytica* identification
Freshly collected stool specimen examined within 30 minutes of collection
183
Why should stool samples of *Entamoeba histolytica* examined within 30 minutes?
Because if we are trying to identify its Trophozoite form, we should do it immediately as trophozoite is fragile.
184
The life cycle of *Entamoeba histolytica* consists of two stages: ____.
1. Infective cyst
2. Invasive trophozoite
185
Laboratory Diagnosis of *Entamoeba histolytica*
* Direct Fecal Smear
* Concentration Techniques
* Culture
* Serologic Testing
* Molecular Testing
186
# **Direct Fecal Smear**
Which is used to visualize trophozoite motility?
Saline solution
187
A saline solution is used in direct fecal smear to ____.
visualize trophozoite motility
188
# **Direct Fecal Smear**
Which is used to differentiate *Entamoeba* spp. from WBCs?
Saline + Methylene blue
189
A saline + methylene solution is used in direct fecal smear to ____.
Differentiate *Entamoeba* spp. from WBCs
190
When saline + methylene solution is used, *Entamoeba* spp. will stain ____.
blue
191
# **Direct Fecal Smear**
Which is used to observe the nucleus, and to differentiate *Entamoeba histolytica* from non-pathogenic amoeba?
Saline + Iodine
192
A saline + iodine solution is used in direct fecal smear to ____.
* Observe the nucleus of *E. histolytica*
* Differentiate *E. histolytica* from non-pathogenic amoeba
193
Which method of laboratory diagnosis is used when light infection of *E. histolytica* is observed?
Concentration Techniques
194
Why are concentration techniques used when there is a case of light infection of *E. histolytica*?
Because cyst and trophozoite may not be detected in direct fecal smear
195
Concentration Techniques
* Formalin Ether/Ethyl Acetate Concentration Technique (FECT)
* Merthiolate Iodine Formalin Concentration (MIFC)
196
____ is more sensitive than stool microscopy but not routinely available.
Robinson's and Inoki Medium
197
Cultures for Amoeba
* Robinson's and Inoki medium
* Boeck and Drbohlav media
* NIH Polygenic media
* Craig's medium
* Nelson's medium
198
Serologic Testing
* Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
* Counter Immunoelectrophoresis (CIE)
* Agar Gel Diffusion (AGD)
* Indirect Hemagglutination Test (IHAT)
* Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT)
199
____ is the gold standard for serologic testing.
Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Testing (IFAT)
200
Molecular Testing
Polymerase Chain Reaction
201
Treatment for amebiasis has two objective: ____.
* Cure invasive disease
* Eliminate passage of cyst from intestinal lumen
202
____ is the drug of choice for the treatment of invasive amebiasis.
Metronidazole
203
Other drugs of choice for invasive amebiasis
* Tinidazole
* Secnidazole
204
____ is the drug of choice for asymptomatic cyst passers.
Diloxanide furoate
205
____ is indicated for patients who do not respond to metronidazole and who need prompt symptomatic relief of severe pain.
Percutaneous drainage of liver abscess
206
*Entamoeba coli* cysts
* Larger than *Entamoeba histolytica* (10-35 um)
* Consists of 8 nuclei with very diffuse karyosomes
* May become hypernucleated with 16-32 nuclei
* Needle-like chromotoidal bodies with irregular fragmented/sharp/splintered ends
207
# **Cyst form of ____**
____ consist of 8 nuclei with very diffused karyosomes.
*Entamoeba coli*
208
# **Cyst form of *Entamoeba coli***
*Entamoeba coli* consist of ____ nuclei with very diffused karyosomes.
8
209
# **Cyst form of ____**
____ may become hypernucleated with 16-32 nuclei.
*Entamoeba coli*
210
# **Cyst form of *Entamoeba coli***
*Entamoeba coli* may become hypernucleated with ____ nuclei.
16-32
211
# **Cyst form of ____**
____ may also contain needle-like chromotoidal bodies with irregular fragmented/sharp/splintered ends.
*Entamoeba coli*
212
# **Cyst form of *Entamoeba coli***
*Entamoeba coli* may also contain ____ chromotoidal bodies with irregular fragmented/sharp/splintered ends.
needle-like
213
*Entamoeba coli* trophozoites
* Smaller than *Entaemoeba histolytica* (15-50 um)
* One nucleus containing large, diffused karyosomes
* Peripheral chromatin that is dense and irregular
* Cytoplasm is rough and contains many debris
214
# **Trophozoite form of ____**
____ has one nucleus containing large, diffused karyosomes.
*Entamoeba coli*
215
# **Trophozoite form of *Entamoeba coli***
*Entamoeba coli* has ____ containing large, diffused karyosomes.
one nucleus
216
# **Trophozoite form of ____**
____ has a peripheral chromatin that is usually dense and irregular.
*Entamoeba coli*
217
# **Trophozoite form of *Entamoeba coli***
*Entamoeba coli* has a ____ that is usually dense and irregular.
peripheral chromatin
218
# **Trophozoite form of *Entamoeba coli***
The ____ of *Entamoeba coli* is usually rough and contain many ingested debris.
Cytoplasm
219
# **Trophozoite form of ____**
The cytoplasm of ____ is usually rough and contain many ingested debris.
*Entamoeba coli*
220
*Entamoeba dispar*
* Morphologically similar to *Entamoeba histolytica* and *Entamoeba moshkovskii*
* Different in DNA and RNA structure
* Differentiated via PRC
* Targets travelers, immigrants, homosexuals, HIV patients
221
____ is morphologically similar to *Entamoeba histolytica* and *Entamoeba moshkovskii*.
*Entamoeba dispar*
222
How is *Entamoeba dispar* differentiated from *E. histolytica* and *E. moshkovskii*?
By using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PRC)
222
*Entamoeba dispar* is morphologically similar to ____.
*Entamoeba histolytica* and *Entamoeba moshkovskii*
223
How is *Entamoeba dispar* different from *E. histolytica* and *E. moshkovskii*?
It has different DNA and RNA structure
224
Who are targeted by *Entamoeba dispar*?
* Travellers
* Immigrants
* Homosexuals
* HIV patients
225
*Entamoeba hartmanni*
* Similar to *Entamoeba histolytica*, but smaller and has no RBC inclusions
* "small-race *E. histolytica*"
226
____ is similar to *Entamoeba histolytica* except much smaller and no RBC inclusions.
*Entamoeba hartmanni*
227
*Entamoeba hartmanni* is similar to ____ except much smaller and no RBC inclusions.
*Entamoeba histolytica*
228
How is *Entamoeba hartmanni* different from *Entamoeba histolytica*?
It is much smaller, and has no RBC inclusions
229
____ is also known as **"small-race *E.histolytica*".**
*Entamoeba hartmanni*
230
*Entamoeba polecki*
* Parasite of pigs and monkeys
* Similar to *Entamoeba chattoni* (differentiated via isoenzyme analysis)
231
____ is a parasite of pigs and monkeys.
*Entamoeba polecki*
232
*Entamoeba polecki* is a parasite of ____ and ____.
pigs and monkeys
233
____ is identical to *Entamoeba polecki*.
*Entamoeba chattoni*
234
*Entamoeba chattoni* is identical to ____.
*Entamoeba polecki*
235
____ is a parasite found in apes and monkeys.
*Entamoeba chattoni*
236
*Entamoeba chattoni* is a parasite found in ____ and ____.
apes and monkeys
237
How can is *Entamoeba polecki* differentiated from *Entamoeba chattoni*?
Through isoenzyme analysis
238
*Entamoeba chattoni*
* Parasite found in apes and monkeys
* Identical to *Entamoeba polecki* (differentiated via Isoenzyme analysis
239
*Entamoeba gingivalis*
* Found in the mouth (gums and teeth surface)
* Abundant in cases of oral diseases
* No cyst stage, trophozoite form only
* Not intestinal inhabitant
* **Transmission:** kissing, droplet spray, sharing utensils
240
____ is found in gum and teeth surfaces of the mouth.
*Entamoeba gingivalis*
241
____ is abundant in cases of oral diseases.
*Entamoeba gingivalis*
242
# **TRUE OR FALSE.**
*Entamoeba gingivalis* has both a cyst and trophozoite form.
False
| **Reason:** It is not capable of encystation, therefore trophozoite only
243
How is *Entamoeba gingivalis* transmitted?
Through kissing, droplet spray, and sharing utensils
244
*Entamoeba moshkovskii*
* Morphologically identical to *E. histolytica* and *E. dispar*, but different biochemically and genetically.
* Sporadically causes human disease, but is a **FREE LIVING AMOEBA.**
* **Osmotolerant:** can grow at room temp, and survive 0 - 41 C.
245
____ sporadically causes human infection, but is considered to be a free-living amoeba.
*Entamoeba moshkovskii*
246
____ is osmotolerant.
*Entamoeba moshkovskii*
247
In what temperatures can *Entamoeba moshkovskii* survive?
* Room temperature
* 0 - 41 C
248
____ is a physiologically unique amoeba.
*Entamoeba moshkovskii*
249
____ is found in sewages.
*Entamoeba moshkovskii*
250
*Entamoeba moshkovskii* is usually found in ____.
sewages
251
____ is known as the **"smallest amoeba".**
*Endolimax nana*
252
*Endolimax nana* is known as the ____.
smallest amoeba
253
____ has a **"cross-eyed"** cyst with 4 eccentric nuclei.
*Endolimax nana*
254
Cyst description of *Endolimax nana*
Cross-eyed with 4 eccentric nuclei
255
*Endolimax nana* motility
* Sluggish
* Random
256
____ is characterized by its sluggish and random motility.
*Endolimax nana*
257
*Endolimax nana* pseudopodia
* Blunt
* Hyaline
258
____ is characterized by its blunt and hyaline pseudopodia.
*Endolimax nana*
259
*Endolimax nana* cytoplasm
Contains food vacuoles with ingested bacteria
260
____ has a cytoplasm containing food vacuoles with ingested bacteria.
*Endolimax nana*
261
*Endolimax nana* karyosome
* Blot-like
* Large, central or eccentric
* Irregular outline
262
____ has a blot-like karyosome.
*Endolimax nana*
263
*Endolimax nana*
* Smallest amoeba
* Cross-eyed cyst with 4 eccentric nuclei
* Blot-like karyosome
264
____ has an **"iodine cyst"** because of its glycogen affinity to iodine.
*Iodamoeba butschlii*
265
*Iodamoeba butschlii* has an affinity to ____.
Iodine
266
____ has a large glycogen vacuole which stains deep brown with iodine.
*Iodamoeba butschlii*
267
____ is uninucleated, resembling a **"basket of flowers"** shape.
*Iodamoeba butschlii*
268
The nucleus of *Iodamoeba butschlii* resemble ____ shape.
basket of flowers
269
*Iodamoeba butschlii* motility
Sluggishly progressive
270
____ is characterized by a sluggishly progressive motility.
*Iodamoeba butschlii*
271
*Iodamoeba butschlii* pseudopodia
Hyaline
272
____ is characterized by a hyaline pseudopodia.
*Iodamoeba butschlii*
273
*Iodamoeba butschlii* inclusions
* Bacteria scattered
* RBCs never ingested
274
*Iodamoeba butschlii* karyosome
* Large
* Centrally-located
* Irregularly rounded
* Surrounded by a layer of small granules
275
The cyst form of *Iodamoeba butschlii* can be concentrated with ____.
* Zinc-sulfate floatation method
* Formalin Ether Acetate Concentration Technique
