Amoebas

Question 1

What is pathogenicity?

Answer 1

Ability of an organism to cause disease

Question 2

What is encystment?

Answer 2

Process of forming or becoming enclosed in a cyst or capsule

Question 3

What is four major groups of protozoans?

Answer 3

Amoeba, flagellate, ciliate, apicomplexan

Question 4

How did Sarcodina moves?

Answer 4

Using pseudopodia

Question 5

How did Mastigophora moves?

Answer 5

By using flagella

Question 6

What stage is attained by an amoeba after excystation?

Answer 6

Trophozoite

Question 7

Name the only amoeba that is a true pathogen

Answer 7

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 8

What organism is distinguishable from E. histolytica?

Answer 8

Entamoeba dispar

Question 9

The small race version of E. histolytica

Answer 9

Entamoeba hartmanni

Question 10

True or false? E.despair is pathogenic

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Name the soul determinant that distinguishes E. histolytica from E. dispar under the microscope

Answer 11

Presence of ingested RBCs

Question 12

True or false? E. histolytica is seen worldwide in all ages sexes and races

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Types of E.histolytica infections
a) hepatitis
b) asymptomatic colonisation
c) asthma
d) extra intestinal amebiasis
e) invasive intestinal amebiasis/amoebic dysentery
f) conjunctivitis

Answer 13

Bde

Question 14

What is the shape of the ulceration that characterise an infection with E. histolytica?

Answer 14

Flask-shaped

Question 15

Extraintestinal amebiasis can affect
a) lungs
b) liver
c) intestine
d) brain
e) all but c are correct

Question 16

True or false? Trophozoites of E. histolytica are commonly found in solid or formed stool

Answer 16

False

Question 17

True or false? the diagnostic and infective stage of E. histolytica is when infective cysts pass in feces (trophozoites may be I.D.ed in soft/liquid feces)

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Where does excystation occur for E. histolytica?

Answer 18

Small intestine specifically the ileum

Question 19

Where do trophozoites of E. histolytica undergo asexual division or binary fission?

Answer 19

Large intestine

Question 20

Method of infection for E. histolytica

Answer 20

Ingestion

Question 21

What is trophozoites?

Answer 21

the active, motile, feeding stage of a protozoan parasite (vegetative stage - reproduction or propagation achieved by asexual mean)

Question 22

What is cyst?

Answer 22

stage in parasite’s life cycle (outside a host or in tissues) that resistance to unfavorable conditions (dormant or resting stage)

Question 23

What is reservoir host?

Answer 23

An animal host that makes the parasite available for the transmission to another host (human)

Question 24

What is the mode of transmission of E. histolytica?

Answer 24

Feco-oral (ingestion of food or water contaminated with faeces)

Question 25

How did hepatic amebiasis happen?

Answer 25

The trophozoites will travel to the liver via hepatoportal system to form abscess

Question 26

What is necrosis?

Answer 26

Premature death of cell and living tissues

Question 27

What is granuloma?

Answer 27

It is an inflammation that may contain collected immune cells which is macrophages

Question 28

What is the lead symptom of hepatic amoebiasis?

Answer 28

Right upper quadrant pain and fever

Question 29

What are the symptoms of amoebiasis?

Answer 29

pain in the entire abdomen • fulminating (occur suddenly with great intensity) diarrhea • dehydration • loss of blood intermittent diarrhea cramps vomiting general malaise

Question 30

What are the symptoms of acute amoebic dysentery?

Answer 30

headache, fever, severe abdominal cramps and prolonged ineffective straining at stool

Question 31

What are the diagnosis for amoebiasis?

Answer 31

• Trophozoites or cysts in stool examination: • 4 nuclei vs. 8 nuclei for Entamoeba coli • Direct smear examination: • Wet mount technique & Fixed and stained (Trichrome) • Nested PCR and monoclonal antibody. • E. dispar vs. E. histolytica • X-ray examination/ scanning liver (ultrasound). • ELISA assays for amebic lectin antigen (in saliva). • Serology: • Secondary amebiasis & extraintestinal amebiasis • Other specimens: • Liver abscess (a collection of pus (dead neutrophils) aspirates

Question 32

What is the treatment for E. histolytica?

Answer 32

Metronidazole and Tetracycline (antibiotic) combination with diiodohydroxyquin