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An Sci 120 > Amphibians & Reptiles > Flashcards

Amphibians & Reptiles Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What is Batrachotoxin

A

secretory glands on frog skin that are very toxic

2 grains of table salt size will kill a 150 lb person

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2
Q

What is an indicator species

A

A species whose presence, absence, or relative well-being in a given environment is indicative of the health of its ecosystem

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3
Q

Why are frogs an indicator species

A

permeable skin
amphibious lifestyle
complex life cycle

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4
Q

What are fire-bellied toads

A 
common pet frog
2 inched long
midly toxic 
aquatic enviroment 
lifespan 10-15 yrs
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5
Q

What are poison dart frogs

A

common pet frog
brightly coloured
have batrachotoxin
live 3-5 years

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6
Q

what are south American horned frogs

A 
have horny skin (ceratophry)
2 inches long 
live 6-8 years 
pacman frog
common pet frog
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7
Q

what are african clawed frogs

A

common pet frog
common in biomedical research
6 inches long live 15 years

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8
Q

what are tree frogs

A

common pet frog

nocturnal

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9
Q

what are bullfrogs

A

large frogs
deep voice croaks
9 inches long
live over 35 years

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10
Q

what are leopard frogs

A

found in USA and southern canada
3.5 inches long
live 5-8 years

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11
Q

what is a toad

A

have shorter thicker bodies with short legs and can not jump as far as frogs
can be pests

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12
Q

What is the Cane Toad

A

an invasive species of toad
eats both living & dead matter (voracious appetite)
highly poisonous
kills predators that eat it

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13
Q

What do cane toads do when threatened

A

turn so parotid glands face predator; toxin oozes from gland and secretes a fine spray at attackers

causes intense pain in humans and temporary blindness

causes fatal indirect poisoning; eating soup with contaminated cane toads will cause this

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14
Q

What does smooth skin on frogs do

A

absorbs water and electrolytes and helps absorb oxygen

skin must be kept moist

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15
Q

What are two skin glands of frogs

A
  1. Mucous glands secrete slimy coat
  2. Granular glands secrete:
    - antimicrobials
    - pheromeones
    - analgesics
    - toxins
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16
Q

what does the lateral line do

A

detects vibrations and changes current

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17
Q

what are the 3 types of adult frog

A

aquatic, semi-aquatic, terrestrial

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18
Q

what is the husbandry of frogs

A

enclosure should mimic natural habitat

like places to hide

water needs to be dechlorinated

cleaning supplies are toxic

frogs are ectothermic: need external heat

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19
Q

what is Redleg

A

a disease in frogs that is associated with poor nutrition, husbandry, over crowding, stress, fecal contaminated water, and spoiled food

common in wild caught species

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20
Q

what is Chytrid

Study These Flashcards
A

a fungi that causes cotton-like tuff around a frogs mouth

leads to skin injury: loss of fluids and electrolyes & increased secondary bacterial infections

treatment: saltwater bath or benzalkonium chloride

21
Q

what is Mycobacteriosis

Study These Flashcards
A

granulomatous lesion throughout the body
potential zoonotic disease
can be fatal in immunosuppressed animals

22
Q

what do parasites do to frogs

Study These Flashcards
A

burrow under the skin; the skin will have an irregular appearance
prone to secondary bacterial infections
highly contagious in stressed frogs

23
Q

What is Iridovirus

Study These Flashcards
A

caused major death of frogs in asia and us

infects frogs & tadpoles

results in wart like lesions of skin that can ulcerate

leads to death

24
Q

what is chlamydia psittaci (psitacosis of birds)

Study These Flashcards
A

released into the enviroment by scared birds

infects frogs

leads to muscle loss, abdominal distension, reddening of skin

zoonotic: causes fatal pneumonia in people

25
What are 6 types of pet lizards
1. Iguanas 2. Bearded dragon 3. Water dragon 4. Anoles 5. Skinks 6. Gecko
26
What are two venomous lizards
1. Gila monster | 2, Beaded lizard
27
how many chambers do lizards hearts have
3
28
what do lizard tails do
lizards can 'drop' their tails as an escape mechanism. New tail will grow back but will be a different colour
29
What are 8 factors of lizard husbandry
1. Housing - need enclosures with tight lids - needs places to hide - pine & cedar shavings are toxic 2. Water - needs fresh water daily 3. Temperature - ectotherms - need external heat to regulate body temp 4. humidity - too wet: leads to dermatitis - too dry: dehydrates skin 5. Light - vitamin D synthesis; need full spectrum light bulb 6. cleaning - reduces infection - dilute bleach is good cleaning solution 7. Feeding 8. Handling - must support entire body
30
what is infectious stomatitis
'mouth rot' or inflammation of mouth caused by: low temp, overcrowding, dirty cages, inappropriate diets bacteria causes salmonella, E.coli, serratia, and pseudomonas
31
what is protozoal disease
affects body organs causes: stop eating, bloody diarrhea, dehydration turtles are carries and will be a source of infection of snakes and lizards
32
what are 3 infectious diseases in lizards
1. Cryptosporidium saurophilum: severe emaciation, muscle loss, usually need to terminate lizard 2. Coccidiosis: diarrhea and dehydration; affects young animals 3. Adenovirus: muscle loss, weakness, dehydration
33
what is the first indication of secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism in iguanas
refuse to lift head and tail off the ground when walking low calcium causes body to become soft
34
what are 3 venomous types of snakes
1. Vipers 2. Elapid 3. Coubirds
35
what are six pet snakes
1. Boas - good breeders in captivity and tame quickly 2. Ball Pythons - docile 3. Garter snakes 4. King snakes 5. Corn snakes 6, Hognose snake
36
what does the snake tongue do
it is forked it detects chemical scents; has olfactory organ in root of mouth
37
what does the opening of the trachea allow snakes to do
to breath while holding prey
38
how many chambers do snake hearts have
3
39
what is the husbandry of snakes
1. Hosuing - enclosure with tight lids - no free edges - needs hiding space 2. Water - needs large bowls so it can soak 3. Temperature - ectotherms - if snake gets cold it becomes obstipated 4. humidity 5. feeding - need to ensure proper diet 6. handling - support body as much as possible
40
what is Inclusion body disease retrovirus
``` has significant mortality snakes have locomotion problems (star gazing) weight loss abnormal shedding pneumonia ```
41
what is Dysecdysis
abnormal shedding
42
what do Cryptodira turtles do
retract head with vertical S shape
43
what do Pleurodira turtles do
hold head in a sideways fashion
44
what is the difference between Aquatic turtles, Terrapins, and Tortoise
Aquatic: exclusively live in water except to lay eggs Terrapins: move between land and water Tortoise: Terrestrial animals; do not swim
45
factors of turtle biology
Chelonian shells: fused to vertebra and rib: bony plates covered by sac;es hinges allow for flexibility in shell turtles have no teeth: has a horny beak to tear off food 3 chamber heart
46
What is husbandry of Turtles
1. Enclosure - must fit turtle - outdoor pens must be placed deeply - need place to hide 2. Water - needs deep water to swim - needs to be changed frequently 3. Heat - ectotherms - too hot: turtle are stuporous - too cold: turtles will hibernate 4. Humidity - incorrect will lead to shedding scales & shell lesions 5. Light needs full spectrum bulb 6. feeding - most turtles are carnivorus - terrapin: omnivorous - tortoise: primarily herbivore - aquatic: only eat in water 7. Handling - grab back portion of shell
47
common diseases of turtles
1. Metabolic Bone Disease 2. Shell Fractures 3. Vitamin A deficency
48
What causes respiratory tract infection in turtles
overcrowding | imporper temperature and humidity
49
Do all reptiles carry salmonella
they are all potential carriers of it

An Sci 120 (15 decks)

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