Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Higher History 24-25 > An assessment of the effectiveness of the Labour reforms, 1945–51 > Flashcards

An assessment of the effectiveness of the Labour reforms, 1945–51 Flashcards

(59 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What increased during WWII in terms of government role?

A

Government became more involved in people’s lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What did the government ration during WWII?

A

Food, clothing, and fuel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who received extra milk and meals during WWII?

A

Expectant mothers and children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How did most people react to government intervention during WWII?

A

They welcomed it and wanted more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What report was published in 1942?

A

The Beveridge Report

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who wrote the Beveridge Report?

A

William Beveridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were the ‘five giants’ identified in the Beveridge Report?

A

Want, Ignorance, Squalor, Disease, Idleness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What did Beveridge suggest to defeat the ‘five giants’?

A

A comprehensive and universal benefits system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What two key systems did the Beveridge Report recommend?

A

National Insurance and National Health Service

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How was the Beveridge Report received by the public?

A

It was popular and influential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which parties were influenced by the Beveridge Report?

A

Both the wartime coalition and post-war Labour government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What act was passed in 1946 regarding social security?

A

National Insurance Act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What did the National Insurance Act 1946 provide?

A

Sickness, unemployment, pension, maternity, and death grants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was a weakness of the National Insurance Act 1946?

A

Pensions were low and reduced by inflation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What act was passed in 1948 for people not covered by insurance?

A

National Assistance Act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What did the National Assistance Act provide?

A

A safety net for those without contributions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was a limitation of the National Assistance Act?

A

Means-tested and low payments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What act was passed in 1945 to help families?

A

Family Allowance Act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Who received payments under the Family Allowance Act?

A

Mothers of two or more children

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why were payments given directly to mothers?

A

They were more likely to spend on children and household

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What act was passed in 1946 to help injured workers?

A

Industrial Injuries Act

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What did the Industrial Injuries Act provide?

A

Insurance and benefits for workplace injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Who paid for compensation under the Industrial Injuries Act?

A

The government, not employers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why was the Industrial Injuries Act an improvement?

Study These Flashcards
A

Covered all workers and paid higher than normal sickness benefit

25
What act created the NHS?
National Health Service Act 1946
26
What services did the NHS provide for free?
Medical, dental, and optical services
27
Who was eligible for NHS services?
Every British citizen
28
What were the 3 main principles of the NHS?
Universal, comprehensive, and free at the point of use
29
Why is the NHS seen as the greatest welfare state achievement?
Healthcare was no longer based on ability to pay
30
What is one example of improved health after the NHS?
Fall in infant mortality rates
31
What was the cost of the NHS by 1950?
£358 million per year
32
How did Labour backtrack on the NHS being free?
Introduced charges for spectacles and dental treatment
33
What housing programme did the government undertake post-WWII?
Rebuilding slums and bomb-damaged homes
34
How many houses were being built per year by 1951?
200,000
35
What type of housing was common after WWII?
Council houses and prefabs
36
What were prefabs?
Quickly built, temporary housing
37
What act created new planned communities?
New Towns Act 1946
38
Name two towns created under the New Towns Act.
Glenrothes and East Kilbride
39
What was the aim of new towns?
Healthier and more spacious living than inner-city slums
40
What did the 1951 census reveal about housing?
A shortage of 750,000 homes
41
What was a key problem with prefab housing?
Poor quality but used for decades
42
What did the Education Act of 1944 (1945 in Scotland) do?
Raised school leaving age to 15 and made secondary education free
43
What extra services did schools provide under the Education Act?
Free meals, milk, and medical services
44
Who proposed the Education Act?
The Conservatives
45
Who implemented the Education Act?
The Labour government after 1945
46
What exam did all children sit at age 11?
The 11+ exam
47
What happened to pupils who passed the 11+?
Went to senior secondary or grammar school
48
What opportunities did passing the 11+ offer?
University and professional jobs
49
What happened to pupils who failed the 11+?
Went to junior secondary/technical school with lower expectations
50
What kind of jobs were pupils who failed the 11+ more likely to get?
Unskilled jobs
51
What was Labour’s key employment policy?
Full employment
52
Why was full employment important to Labour?
To ensure benefit payments could be provided
53
Which economist influenced Labour’s employment policy?
John Maynard Keynes
54
What was Labour’s method for creating jobs?
Nationalisation of major industries
55
Name three industries that were nationalised.
Coal, iron, steel
56
What was the unemployment rate in 1946?
2.5%
57
Why was low unemployment seen as an achievement?
It contrasted with the high unemployment of the 1930s
58
What do some historians argue about low unemployment?
It may have been due to post-war reconstruction, not Labour
59
What was a problem with some nationalised industries?
They were inefficiently managed and performed badly

Higher History 24-25 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions