ANA 201 Upper Limb 4 Anterior and posterior Forearm Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
The distal end of the bone is marked by two facets for articulation with which bones of the wrist?
A
Scaphoid and lunnate
2
Q
What are the two proximal projections of the ulna
A
Proximally, the ulna bone has two projections, one projecting proximally from the posterior aspect called the OLECRANON.
The second project anteriorly called the CORONOID PROCESS.
3
Q
Muscles in the anterior compartment of the arm are extensors T/F
A
FALSE They are flexors
4
Q
Which nerve innervates all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the fore-arm?
A
the median nerve,
except for the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and the medial half of the flexor digitorum profundus muscle, which are innervated by the ulnar nerve.
5
Q
Origin of pronator teres
A
Humeral head-medial epicondyle and adjacent supraepicondylar ridge;
ulnar head-medial side of coronoid process
6
Q
Insertion of pronator teres
A
Roughening on lateral surface, mid-shaft, of radius
7
Q
Innervation of pronator teres
A
Median nerve (C6,C7)
8
Q
Action of pronator teres
A
Flexes and abducts the wrist
9
Q
Origin of flexor carpi radialis
A
Medial epicondyle of humerus
10
Q
Insertion of flexor carpi radialis
A
Base of metacarpals II and III
11
Q
Innervation of the flexor carpi radialis
A
Median nerve (C6,C7)
12
Q
Action of flexor carpi radialis
A
Pronation
13
Q
Origin of palmaris longus
A
Medial epicondyle of humerus
14
Q
Insertion of palmaris longus
A
Palmar aponeurosis of hand
15
Q
Innervation of palmaris longus
A
Median nerve C6, C7
16
Q
Action of palmaris longus
A
Flexes wrist joint; because the palmar aponeurosis anchors skin of the hand, contraction of the muscle resists shearing forces when gripping
17
Q
Origin of flexor carpi ulnaris
A
Humeral head-medial epicondyle of humerus;
ulnar head-olecranon and posterior border of ulna
18
Q
Insertion of flexor carpi ulnaris
A
Pisiform bone, and then via pisohamate and pisometacarpal ligaments into the hamate and base of metacarpal V
19
Q
Innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris
A
Ulnar nerve (C7,C8, T1)
20
Q
Action of flexor carpi ulnaris
A
Flexes and adducts the wrist joint
21
Q
Origin of flexor digitorum superficialis
A
Humero-ulnar head-medial epicondyle of humerus and adjacent margin of coronoid process;
radial head- oblique line of radius
22
Q
Insertion of flexor digitorum superficialis
A
Four tendons, which attach to the palmar surfaces of the MIDDLE phalanges of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers
23
Q
Innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis
A
Median nerve [C8,T1]
24
Q
Action of flexor digitorum superficialis
A
Flexes PROXIMAL interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers; can also flex metacarpophalangeal joints of the same fingers and the wrist joint
25
Origin of the flexor digitorum profundus
Anterior and medial surfaces of ulna and anterior medial half of interosseous membrane
26
Insertion of flexor digitorum profundus
Four tendons, which attach to the palmar surfaces of the DISTAL phalanges of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers
27
Innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
Lateral half by median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve); medial half by ulnar nerve [C8,T1]
28
Action of flexor digitorum profundus
Flexes distal interphalangeal joints of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers; can also flex metacarpophalangeal joints of the same fingers and the wrist joint
29
Origin of flexor pollicis longus
Anterior surface of radius and radial half of inter-osseous membrane
30
Insertion of flexor pollicis longus
Palmar surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb
31
Innervation of flexor pollicis longus
Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) [C7,C8]
32
Action of flexor pollicis longus
Flexes interphalangeal joint of the thumb; can also flex metacarpo-phalangeal joint of the thumb
33
Origin of pronator quadratus
Linear ridge on distal anterior surface of ulna
34
Insertion of pronator quadratus
Distal anterior surface of radius
35
Innervation of pronator quadratus
Median nerve (anterior interosseous nerve) [C7,C8]
36
Action of pronator quadratus
Pronation
37
List the muscles in the superficial anterior compartment of the arm
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
37
List the muscles in the intermediate anterior compartment of the arm
Flexor digitorum superficialis
37
List the muscles in the deep anterior compartment of the arm
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
38
The flexor compartment of the forearm is the
anterior compartment
39
The extensor compartment of the forearm is the
posterior compartment
40
What joins the radius and ulna bone at their shaft and separates the anterior and posterior compartments?
The interosseous membrane
41
Medial epicondylitis is also known as_
and is caused by _
golfers elbow
overuse of anterior compartment muscles
42
Function of the anterior compartment of the forearm
Flexion of the wrist and pronation
43
Lateral epicondylitis is also known as_
and is caused by _
Tennis elbow
overuse of posterior compartment muscles
44
Describe the radial artery
1. deep to the brachioradialis muscle in the proximal half of the forearm;
2.related on its lateral side to the superficial branch of the radial nerve in the middle third of the forearm;
3. medial to the tendon of the brachioradialis muscle
4. covered only by deep fascia, superficial fascia, and skin in the distal forearm.
45
What are the branches of the radial artery?
1. a RADIAL RECURRENT ARTERY, which contributes to an anastomotic network around the elbow joint and to numerous vessels that supply muscles on the lateral side of the forearm;
2. a small PALMER CARPAL BRANCH contributes to an anastomotic network of vessels that supplies the carpal bones and joints;
3. at the level of the styloid process, a somewhat larger branch, the SUPERFICIAL PALMER BRANCH enters the hand by passing superficially through, the thenar muscles at the base of the thumb, which anastomoses with the superficial palmar arch formed by the ulnar artery.
46
Describe the ulnar artery
The ulnar artery is larger than the radial artery and passes down the medial side of the forearm.
It leaves the cubital fossa by passing deep to the pronator teres muscle, and then passes through the forearm in the fascial plane between flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor digitorum profundus muscles.
47
Why is the ulnar artery not easily palpable?
Because in the distal forearm, the ulnar artery often remains tucked under the anterolateral lip of the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon
48
The ulnar artery is medial to the ulnar nerve T/F
TRUE
49
What are the superficial veins of the forearm?
The main superficial veins of the forearm are the cephalic, basilic, median cubital, and antebrachial veins and their tributaries.
50
Discuss the cephalic vein
The cephalic vein forms over the anatomical snuff box from the tributaries that arise from the lateral side of the dorsal venous network (arch).
It ascends along the lateral border of the forearm and communicates with the basilic vein through the median cubital vein.
It then ascends along the lateral side of the arm and empties into the axillary vein.
51
Describe the basilic vein
The basilic vein arises from the medial side of the dorsal venous arch and ascends posteromedially in the forearm, reaching the anterior surface just distal to the elbow, where it is joined by the median cubital vein.
52
Describe the median antebrachial vein
The median antebrachial vein drains subcutaneous tissue in the anterior aspect of the wrist and forearm.
It begins in the superficial venous palmar arch and usually ends in the basilic vein.
53
Describe the deep veins of the forearm
From the lateral side of the arcade, paired radial vein accompany the radial artery while on the medial side paired ulnar vein accompany the ulnar artery.
These veins anastomose with each other freely.
54
The tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis splits to make a passage for what tendon?
Tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus
55
The muscles in the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the arm
the brachioradialis,
extensor carpi radialis longus,
extensor carpi radialis brevis,
extensor digitorum,
extensor digiti minimi,
extensor carpi ulnaris,
and anconeus
56
Origin of the brachialis muscle
Proximal part of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus and adjacent inter-muscular septum
57
Insertion of the brachialis muscle
Lateral surface of distal end of radius
58
innervation of brachialis
Radial nerve [C5,C6] before division into superficial and deep branches
59
action of brachialis
Accessory flexor of elbow joint when forearm is mid-pronated
60
Origin of Extensor carpi radialis longus
Distal part of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum
61
Insertion of Extensor carpi radialis longus
Dorsal surface of base of metacarpal II
62
Innervation of Extensor carpi radialis longus
Radial nerve [C6,C7] before division into superficial and deep branches
63
Action of Extensor carpi radialis longus
Extends and abducts the wrist
64
Origin of Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum
65
Insertion of Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Dorsal surface of base of metacarpals II and III
66
Action Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extends and abducts the wrist
67
Innervation of Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Deep branch of radial nerve [C7,C8] before penetrating supinator muscle
68
Origin of Extensor digitorum
Lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum and deep fascia
69
Insertion of Extensor digitorum
Four tendons, which insert via 'extensor hoods' into the dorsal aspects of the bases of the middle and distal phalanges of the index, middle, ring, and little fingers
70
innervation Extensor digitorum
Posterior interosseous nerve [C7,C8]
71
Action of Extensor digitorum
Extends the index, middle, ring, and little fingers; can also extend the wrist
72
Inserion of Extensor digiti minimi
Dorsal hood of the little finger
73
Origin of Extensor digiti minimi
Lateral epicondyle of humerus and adjacent intermuscular septum together with extensor digitorum
74
Innervation of Extensor digiti minimi
Posterior interosseous nerve [C7,C8]
75
Action of Extensor digiti minimi
Extends the little finger
76
Origin of Extensor carpi ulnaris
Lateral epicondyle of humerus and posterior border of ulna
77
Insertion of Extensor carpi ulnaris
Tubercle on the base of the medial side of metacarpal V
78
Innervation of Extensor carpi ulnaris
Posterior interosseous nerve [C7,C8]
79
Action of Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extends and adducts the wrist
80
Origin of Anconeus
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
81
insertion of Anconeus
Olecranon and proximal posterior surface of ulna
82
innervation of Anconeus
Radial nerve [C6 to C8] (via branch to medial head of triceps brachii)
83
Action of the Anconeus
Abduction of the ulna in pronation; accessory extensor of the elbow joint
84
The deep layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm consists of five muscles:
Supinator,
Abductor pollicis longus,
Extensor pollicis brevis,
Extensor pollicis longus,
And extensor indicis
85
What forms a distinct muscular bulge in the distal posterolateral surface of the forearm.
Two of the three 'outcropping' muscles (abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis) form a distinct muscular bulge in the distal posterolateral surface of the forearm.
86
Origin of Supinator
Superficial part -lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and anular ligaments;
deep part- supinator crest of the ulna
87
Insertion of Supinator
Lateral surface of radius superior to the anterior oblique line
88
innervation of Supinator
Posterior interosseous nerve [C6,C7]
89
action of Supinator
Supination
90
Origin of Abductor pollicis longus
Posterior surfaces of ulna and radius (distal to the attachments of supinator and anconeus), and intervening interosseous membrane
91
Insertion of Abductor pollicis longus
Lateral side of base of metacarpal I
92
Innervation Abductor pollicis longus
Posterior interosseous nerve [C7,C8]
93
Action of Abductor pollicis longus
Abducts carpometacarpal joint of thumb; accessory extensor of the thumb
94
Origin of Extensor pollicis brevis
Posterior surface of radius (distal to abductor pollicis longus) and the adjacent interosseous membrane
95
Insertion of Extensor pollicis brevis
Dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of the thumb
96
Innervation Extensor pollicis brevis
Posterior interosseous nerve [C7,C8]
97
Action of Extensor pollicis brevis
Extends metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb; can also extend the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
98
Origin Extensor pollicis longus
Posterior surface of ulna (distal to the abductor pollicis longus) and the adjacent interosseous
99
Insertion of Extensor pollicis longus
Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb
100
Innervation of Extensor pollicis longus
Posterior interosseous nerve [C7,C8]
101
Action of Extensor pollicis longus
Extends interphalangeal joint of the thumb; can also extend carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb
102
Origin of Extensor indicis
Posterior suface of ulna (distal to extensor pollicis longus) and adjacent interosseous membrane
103
Insertion of the Extensor indicis
Extensor hood of index finger
104
Innervation Extensor indicis
Posterior interosseous nerve [C7,C8]
105
Action of Extensor indicis
Extends index finger
106
what is the nerve of the posterior compartment of the forearm
the radial nerve.
