ana 8 Flashcards
(41 cards)
What are lipomas?
Benign tumors of fat, the most common soft-tissue tumors of adulthood
Lipomas are subclassified into conventional lipoma, fibrolipoma, angiolipoma, spindle cell lipoma, myelolipoma, and pleomorphic lipoma.
How are conventional lipomas characterized morphologically?
Well-encapsulated mass of mature adipocytes that varies in size
They arise in the subcutis of the proximal extremities and trunk, most frequently during middle adulthood.
What is the typical treatment for lipomas?
Simple excision
Lipomas are usually soft, mobile, painless (except angiolipoma).
What are the common subtypes of fibromatoses?
Superficial fibromatoses, deep fibromatoses
Nodular fasciitis and fibrosarcoma are also included in tumors of fibrous tissue.
What is rhabdomyosarcoma?
The most common soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood and adolescence
Usually appears before age 20 and can arise in any anatomic location.
What are the histological subtypes of rhabdomyosarcoma?
Embryonal, alveolar, pleomorphic
Rhabdomyoblast is the diagnostic cell in all types.
What is the most common neoplasm in women?
Uterine leiomyomas
They develop in 77% of women and may cause a variety of symptoms including infertility.
What are lymphangiomas?
Malformations of the lymphatic system
They can be microcystic, macrocystic, or mixed subtypes.
What is the most common tumor of the head and neck in infancy?
Hemangiomas
They comprise approximately 7% of all benign soft tissue tumors.
What is the typical presentation of leiomyosarcomas?
Malignant spindle cells with cigar-shaped nuclei
They account for 10% to 20% of soft-tissue sarcomas.
What are the pathways of spread for metastatic tumors to bone?
Direct extension, lymphatic or hematogenous dissemination, intraspinal seeding
In adults, more than 75% of metastases originate from cancers of the prostate, breast, kidney, and lung.
What is chondrosarcoma?
Malignant tumor of cartilage
It is subclassified into central and peripheral types.
What are the classic X-ray findings in chondrosarcoma?
Codman’s triangle, sunburst pattern, bone destruction
These findings are characteristic of the tumor’s aggressive nature.
What is a giant cell tumor (osteoclastoma)?
Uncommon malignant neoplasm containing multinucleated giant cells
It often involves the epiphyses of long bones, particularly around the knee.
What is Ewing sarcoma?
Malignant neoplasm of undifferentiated cells arising within the marrow cavity
Most commonly occurs in teenagers and is associated with a characteristic translocation t(11;22).
What are the histological features of Ewing sarcoma?
Sheets of undifferentiated small round blue cells resembling lymphocytes
Characteristic Homer-Wright pseudorosettes are often present.
What is an aneurysmal bone cyst?
Benign tumor characterized by multiloculated blood-filled cystic spaces
Most commonly occurs in the first two decades of life.
What is a glomus tumor?
Rare benign neoplasm arising from the glomus body
Mainly found under the nail, on the fingertip, or in the foot.
What is bacillary angiomatosis?
A form of angiomatosis associated with bacteria of the Bartonella genus
Characterized by the proliferation of blood vessels forming tumor-like masses.
What is bacillary angiomatosis associated with?
Bacteria of the Bartonella genus
Bacillary angiomatosis is characterized by the proliferation of blood vessels, forming tumor-like masses.
What is an osteochondroma?
Benign bone metaphyseal growths capped with cartilage originating from epiphyseal growth plate
Osteochondromas may affect adolescent males as a firm, solitary growth at the ends of long bones.
What symptoms are associated with osteochondromas?
Pain worse at night, relieved with aspirin
Osteochondromas can be asymptomatic or cause pain and deformity.
What are the X-ray findings for osteochondromas?
Central radiolucency surrounded by a sclerotic rim
What is an osteoblastoma?
Similar to an osteoid osteoma but larger than 2 cm, often involving vertebrae
