Anaemia Flashcards
(15 cards)
anaemia definition
anaemia is the deficiency in size or number of red blood cells or the amount of haemoglobin they contain
values of Hb when male, female & pregnant have anaemia
- male - Hb < 130g/L
- female - Hb < 120g/L
- pregnancy - Hb < 110g/L
signs & symptoms of anaemia
- pale skin
- shortness of breath
- dizzines
- fatigue
- low blood pressure
- chest pain
- heart attack
causes of anaemia
low rate of RBC production
* low epo
* hormone deficiency diseases
RBCs produced are poor quality
* B12 deficiency
* folate deficiency
* sickle cell
RBCs dont’ survive 120 days
* chronic haemorrhaging
classification of anaemia according to MCV
- mircrocytic anaemia : MCV < 80
- normocytic anaemia : MCV 80 - 100
- macrocytic anaemia : MCV >100
microcytic anaemias examples
- iron deficiency
- thalassaemia
normocytic anaemias examples
- marrow failure
- hypothyroidism
macrocytic anaemias examples
- megaloblastic anaemia
- liver disease
iron deficiency anaemia
- most common type of anaemia
- only starts to develop after iron stores have been depleted
- all other requirements present, too little iron
causes of iron deficiency anaemia
- habitual blood loss - heavy menstrual bleeding ; internal bleeding ( e.g. cancer )
- poor diet - unhealthy diet ; failure to meet increased demand during pregnancy
- inability to absorb iron - surgery ; drugs
signs of iron deficiency anaemia
- brittle nails
- fatigue
- chest pain
- pale skin
- headache
- smooth tongue
- cold hands and feet
risks of iron deficiency anaemia
- heart failure
- hair loss
- growth impaairment
- cognitive impairment
- raised platelet count
- rectal lesions
- restless legs
categories of people at higher risk of iron deficient anaemia :
- pregnancy
- vegan diet
- haemodialysis
- gastrectomy
- coeliac disease
- NSAIDS use
iron deficiency anaemia management for patients with cardiovascular compromise
packed red cells transfusion
iron deficiency anaemia management - oral pills
- reticulocyte count peaks in 1-2 weels
- Hb should rise by 20g/L in 3-4 weeks
- iron stores full after 6 months
