Anaerobic Cellular Reapiration

Question 1

what is cellular respiration

Answer 1

• known as fermentation
• If no (or not enough) oxygen is available, cells can obtain energy through the process of anaerobic respiration.

Question 2

why isn’t fermentation an efficient process

Answer 2

• results in the formation of far fewer ATP molecules than aerobic respiration.

Question 3

give an overview of cellular respiration

Answer 3

• occurs in the absence/lack of sufficient O2
• takes place in the cytoplasm
• uses the process of glycolysis to produce 2 molecules of ATP from glucose

Question 4

what must glycolsis produce first to make ATP

Answer 4

NAD+ to NADH
- As a result glycolsis need to continue to produce NAD+ in order to produce ATP and pyruvate

Question 5

what happens under anerobic condtions

Answer 5

NAD + is continually supplied via the oxidation of NADH in the ETC

Question 6

what happens when there is an absence of oxygen

Answer 6

the ETC cannot occur and consequently, the ETC cannot be used to oxidize NADH
- therefore organisms have developed alternative means of oxidizing NADH in the absence of O2 in order to continually provide the NAD + needed to drive glycolysis

Question 7

what is fermentaion

Answer 7

• occurs in bacteria, yeast, plants
• Step 1 – pyruvate is converted into acetaldehyde releasing CO2
• Step 2 – NADH is oxidized
  by converting acetaldehyde
  into ethanol
• the final products of
  ethanol fermentation are
  CO2 , ethanol, and two
  molecules of ATP (glycolysis)

Question 8

what does glucose + pyruvic acid make

Answer 8

alcohol + carbon dioxide + energy

Question 9

alcohol fermentation overview

Answer 9

• occurs in plants, yeasts and some bacteria.
• Pyruvic acid formed during glycolysis is broken down to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide and is released (which is used to form ATP).

Question 10

what is lactic acid fermentaion

Answer 10

• occurs in animal cells
• NADH is oxidized by converting pyruvate into lactic acid
• the final products of lactic acid fermentation are lactic acid and two molecules of ATP

Question 11

When oxygen demand exceeds the availability of oxygen…

Answer 11

the anarobic cycle is required

Question 12

lactic fermentation overview

Answer 12

• occurs when oxygen is not available.
• For example, in muscle tissues during rapid and vigorous exercise, muscle cells may be depleted of oxygen. They then switch from respiration to fermentation

Question 13

what is the creatine phosphate cycle

Answer 13

• Must have ATP readily available
• Aerobic Cellular Respiration takes time
• Muscles, brain huge demand for ATP in bursts

Question 14

excess Creatine + ATP

Answer 14

= stored Creatine phosphate +ADP

Question 15

Reaction is easily reversible to generate ATP quickly (creatin phosphate cycle)

Answer 15

stored Creatine phosphate +ADP = Creatine + ATP

Question 16

what is creatine used for

Answer 16

• muscle build
• high energy