Anaesthesia

Question 1

3 components of balanced anaesthesia

Answer 1

unconciousness
analgesia
muscle relaxation

Question 2

requirements for anaesthesia

Answer 2

pain free
immobilised
surgical access
maintain physiological norms

Question 3

monitoring depth of anaesthesia

Answer 3

pupil - reaction to light, size, positioning
respiration
repiration - irreulgar –> irregular and fast –> steady and slow (operative) –> weak and thready (too deep)
pulse - as above
blood pressure - normal –> high –> normal (operative) –> low (too deep)

Question 4

stages of anaesthesia

Answer 4

concious
anaesthetised
dead

Question 5

risk levels

Answer 5

1. normal healthy patient
2. pre-existing disease no systemic signs
3. pre-existing disease, mild signs
4. moribund, not expected to survive with or without intervention
5. brain dead - organ donation

Question 6

IV cannula types

Answer 6

over the needle - normal one
through the needle - not common, used for central veins
peel away
over the wire - uses guidewire

Question 7

IV placement sites

Answer 7

cephalic
saphenous - good in brachys
jugular - horse, long term and regular sampling
auricular - rabbits

Question 8

IV cannula sizes

Answer 8

22g - blue - tiny
20g - pink - most patients, cats
18g - dogs over 20kg
16/14g - very big dogs

Question 9

IV cannula complications

Answer 9

extravasation
thrombosis
theombophlembitis
infection
emboli
exsanguination