Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CP3 Crit Care > Anaesthetics > Flashcards

Anaesthetics Flashcards

(74 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Define general anaesthesia

A

Drug induced, controlled, reversible LOC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Premedication - examples used in anxious patients

A

Temazepam

Midazolam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Premedication - what may you give to reduce gastric activity?

A

Ranitidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When is pre-oxygenation used?

A

When ventilation - difficult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anaesthetics used for IV induction (2)

A

Propofol

Fentanyl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is placed after IV induction?

A

LMA/ETT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Agents used in gas maintenance

A

Volatile agents

e.g. isoflurane/halothane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is TIVA

A

Total Intra Venous anaesthesia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What drug is most commonly used in TIVA

A

Propofol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 4 stages of anaesthesia

A

Anaesthesia stage
Excitement stage
Surgical anaesthesia
Emergence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 groups of adjuncts used in anaesthetics

A 
Mm relaxants (NM blocking agents) 
Anti-nociception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

E.g.s of NM blocking agents (3)

A

Atracurium
Suxamethonium
Rocuronium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anti-noception Dx e.g.s

A

Opioids
Paracetamol
NSAIDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is the potency of inhalation induction quantified?

A

MAC - Minimum alveolar concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Indications inhalation inductions (2)

A

Children/needle phobias

Spontaneous resp maintained (when difficult intubation expected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are volatile agents in inhalation induction delivered?

A

Vaporizer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How are volatile agents in TIVA delivered?

A

Microprocessor-controlled syringe pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Indications TIVA (4)

A

Preference
Rapid recovery
Decr PONV
Laryngoscopy where volatile agents may ppt airway irritation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is RSI

A

Delivery of rapid acting mm relaxant immediately after induction agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When is RSI used?

A

To rapidly prod optimum conditions for intubation in ER situations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does LA work

A

Blocks conduction of nn impulses along axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What can you use as an adjunct to LA to vasoconstrict

A

Adrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why use adrenaline w/ LA?

A

Increases potency and duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

2 types of regional anaesthesia

A

Central/neuraxial

Major nn/regional blocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
E.g.s of central regional anaesthesia
Spinal | Epidural
26
e.g.s of major nn regional anaesthesia
Brachial plexus Femoral Sciatic
27
Max safe dose in regional anaesthesia?
3mg/kg lignocaine
28
Where is spinal anaesthesia injected?
Into CSF in subarachnoid space
29
Duration spinal anaesthesia
1-4hrs
30
How to measure the level anaesthetised in spinal anaesthetics?
Ice spray
31
Continuous Monitoring during spinal anaesthesia (4)
ECG BP RR SPo2
32
C/I spinal anaesthesia (5)
``` Incr ICp Hypovolaemia Surgery above thorax Local/systemic infection > 2hrs long ```
33
How are epidurals performed
Epidural catheter inserted into epidural space | LA injected via pump
34
In an epidural, how long does it take for anaesthesia to be achieved?
45 minutes
35
Monitoring epidural anaesthesia (4)
Continuous ECG, BP, RR, SPo2
36
Complications epidural anaesthesia (3)
Decr BP, resp depression CSF puncture --> headache --> total spinal affect
37
Advantages of regional anaesthesia over GA (5)
``` Decr risk infections Decr CV complications Decr PONV Decr pain Decr DVT risk ```
38
Affects of GA on the CV system (4)
Decr myocardial comtractility hence decr CO HOTN Reduction in O2 delivery + demand Arrythmias
39
Affect of GA on the resp system (5)
``` Resp depression --> reduced FRC Worse VQ matching Atelectasis Laryngospasm --> airway obstruction Prolonged pain + inflamm ```
40
Affect of GA on airway (2)
Loss of tone | Loss of reflexes
41
Affect of spinal on CV system (2)
Vasodilatation | Decr HR
42
Affect of spinal on resp system
Resp depression b/c intercostal mm relax
43
Risks - GA - common (4)
PONV Pain Sore throat Teeth knocked out
44
Other, less common risks GA (5)
``` Anaphylaxis Awareness when under GA Aspiration CV issues Stroke ```
45
RF Awareness when under GA (3)
Emergencies Prev awareness Use of mm relaxants
46
RF spinal anaesthesia (5)
``` Neuro disorder due to trauma If high spinal block - depression of BS Urinary retention + bladder damage CV issues Spinal headache ```
47
Current health questions to ask a patient in pre-op assessment (5)
``` Recent/current illness ET + what makes them stop Sleep apnoea Smoking/alcohol Pregnant ```
48
Relevant med/DHx to ask in anaesthetics Hx (7)
``` DM HTN IDA Asthma/COPD CVD IHD Allergies ```
49
Anaesthetics Hx to ask (2)
Prev anaesthetics + reactions | Any FHx
50
O/E pre-op assessment (5)
``` Neck movement Jaw opening Dentures/crowns.caps Airway assessment BMI ```
51
What classification is used in Ananaesthesia for airway
Mallampati
52
What classification is used to determine risk?
ASA
53
ASA grade 1
Normal healthy pt
54
ASA grade 2
Mild systemic disease | e.g. smoker, pregnant, >30BMI
55
ASA grade 3
Severe systemic disease (Isnt incapacitating) E.g. COPD, BMI >40, ESRD
56
ASA grade 4
Severe systemic disease Constant threat to life E.g. DIC, sepsis, recent MI
57
ASA grade 5
Moribound patient not expected to survive 24 hrs w/o op | E.g. ruptured AAA
58
ASA grade 6
Brain dead
59
Why would you take a pre-op FBC?
IDA - higher risk of post-op transfusion after surgery
60
For which patients do you need to take a pre-op U+E?
Those on: digoxin, diuretics + steroids | DM, renal disease, V+D
61
For what patients do you need to take LFT's pre-op?
Known hepatic disease Alcohol Hx Metastatic disease
62
Which patients do you take BM for pre-op?
Diabetics | LT steroid users
63
Which pt do you take clotting bloods for pre-op?
FH/PMH bleed | Current anticoagulation
64
Which patients do you take a CXR for pre-op?
Hx cardio/resp disease or known malignancy | Suspect chest infection
65
What screening tool is used to screen OSA pre-op?
STOP BANG
66
Why must patients be starved before surgery?
Due to loss of protective cough reflex during anesthesia
67
How long before an op must a patient be starved of solid food?
6 hours
68
How long before an op must a patient stop being breastfed?
4 hours
69
How long before an op must a patient be starved of fluids?
2 hours
70
Things that delay gastric emptying (4)
Pain Illness Obstruction Opioids
71
Patients that lose barrier pressure and hence are more at risk of aspirating? (2)
Hiatus hernia | Symptomatic reflux
72
Pre-op things to be aware of - diabetic patient
Minimise fasting - 1st on list If well controlled DM - omit meds on day of op If poor controlled DM/ER - variable rate infusion needed
73
Pre-op assessment DM patient (4)
BM Urinalysis CK Electrolytes
74
Peri-op things to be aware of - DM (3)
Consider RSI to reduce aspiration risk Reg monitor BM If gluc >10 - insulin regimen

CP3 Crit Care (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions