Anal Cancer Flashcards
(9 cards)
1
Q
What is the most common type of anal cancer?
A
Squamous cell carcinoma
2
Q
Risk factors of anal cancer
A
- HPV 16
- HIV infection
- increasing age
- smoking
- immunosuppresion
- Crohn’s disease
- men who have sex with men
- women with history of cervical cancer or CIN
3
Q
What is anal interepithelial neolpasia?
A
- Precancerous condition affecting perianal skin or anal canal
- linked to development of SSC
- linked to HPV infection
4
Q
Presentation of anal cancer
A
- rectal pain
- rectal bleeding
- anal discharge
- anal Pruritus
- palpable mass
- faecal incontience
5
Q
Which lymph nodes are most likely to be enlarged in anal squamous cell carcinoma?
A
Superficial inguinal
6
Q
Investigations of anal cancer
A
- proctoscopy under anaesthesia + biopsy
- smear test in women to exclude CIN
- HIV test
- USS guided fine need aspiration of lymph nodes
- CT TAP for staging
- MRI pelvis
7
Q
Management of anal cancer
A
- chemo-radiotherapy (first line)
- extra beam radiotherapy
- abdomino-perineal resection - removal of rectum + anus
8
Q
Complications of anal cancer treatment
A
- Chemo radiation related pelvic toxicity > dermatitis, diarrhoea, procttis + cystitis
- faecal incontinence
- vaginal dryness
- ED
- rectovaginal fistula
9
Q
First line curative treatment of anal cancer
A
Chemo-radiotherapy
