Anal Fissures and Haemorrhoids Flashcards
(15 cards)
what is an anal fissure
tear or ulcer in anal cavity leading to…
pain or bleeding on pooing
What is Acute Anal Fissure treatment
- Bulk forming laxatives
- Osmotic laxatives
- topical analgesics
Which Anaesthetic can pregnant patients not use
Lidocaine
Chronic Treatment of Anal Fissures: 1st and 2nd Line
1st Line:
- Rectal GTN
2nd Line:
- Topical or Oral Diltiazem / Nifedipine
Chronic Treatment of Anal Fissures: 4th Line and 3rd Line Specialist treatment
Specialist 3rd Line:
Botulinum Toxin Type A
4th Line:
Surgery
How long do you need to have an anal fissure for it to be considered chronic
6 weeks or longer
What are Haemorrhoids
swelling of vascular mucosal anal cushions around anus
When are Haemorrhoids at high risk
Pregnancy
Internal Haemorrhoids symptoms
painless
External Haemorrhoids symptoms
- Itchy
- Painless
How to treat Haemorrhoids
- maintain easy stools
- control pain and itching
How to maintain easy stools in Haemorrhoids
- increase dietary fibre
- bulk forming laxatives
How to control pain and itching in Haemorrhoids
- paracetamol
- topical analgesics / corticosteroids
Which analgesics can you not use in Haemorrhoids
- opioids (they cause constipation)
- NSAIDs (exacerbate rectal bleeding)
How to treat Haemorrhoids in pregnancy
Bulk forming laxatives
(no topical preparations)
