Analgesia Flashcards

(30 cards)

1
Q

What constitutes simple analgesia?

A

Paracetamol

NSAIDs

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2
Q

How do you prescribe paracetamol?

A

1g QDS max dose

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3
Q

What are some cautions and contraindications to paracetamol?

A

Cautions:
Liver impairment
Severe cachexia
(reduce dose)

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4
Q

What are weak opioids?

A

Coedine
Dihydrocodeine
Tramadol

All have a ceiling effect on analgesia - can only be given so much in 24hrs so may not be enough opioid to control pain

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5
Q

MORE CARDS ON WEAK OPIOID PRESCRIPTION

A

..

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6
Q

What are weak opioids?

A

Coedine (1/10th as potent as oral morphine)
Tramadol (1/10th as potent as oral morphine)
Dihydrocodeine

All have a ceiling effect on analgesia - can only be given so much in 24hrs so may not be enough opioid to control pain

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7
Q

.

A

.

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8
Q

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A

.

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9
Q

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A

.

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10
Q

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A

.

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11
Q

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A

.

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12
Q

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A

.

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13
Q

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A

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14
Q

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A

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15
Q

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A

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19
Q

What are strong opioids?

A

Morphine
Diamorphine
Oxycodone (2x more potent than morphine)
Buprenorphine
Fentanyl (very strong - ? - dont start on it)

20
Q

What do you need to consider before starting a strong opioid?

A

Comorbidities

Renal function

21
Q

What forms can you get strong opioids in? (morphine + oxycodone)

A

Modified release - lasts 12hrs for background pain

Immediate release - lasts 4hrs for breakthrough pain

22
Q

What forms can you get strong opioids in? (morphine + oxycodone)

A

Modified release - MR - lasts 12hrs for background pain

Immediate release - IR - lasts 4hrs for breakthrough pain

23
Q

What are some other side effects of opioids?

A
Common:
Constipation 
Nausea 
Sedation 
Dry mouth 

Less frequent:
Psychomimetic effects
Confusion
Myoclonus

Rare:
Allergy
Resp depression
Pruritis

24
Q

When should you prescribe opioid patches?

A

For stable opioid responsive pain

Indications:
Intolerable side effects
Oral route difficulties - dysphagia, non-compliance
Renal impairment

Takes 1-3 days to reach analgesic concentrations - do not use for acute pain

Apply to hairless, dry and non-inflamed skin

Avoid heat pads as increases rate of absorption - also be mindful when patients are hot e.g. fever/sepsis

25
When should you prescribe opioid patches?
For stable opioid responsive pain Indications: Intolerable side effects Oral route difficulties - dysphagia, non-compliance Renal impairment Takes 1-3 days to reach analgesic concentrations - do not use for acute pain Replace at same time every week (?) Apply to hairless, dry and non-inflamed skin Avoid heat pads as increases rate of absorption - also be mindful when patients are hot e.g. fever/sepsis
26
When should you use syringe drivers?
Injectable opioids are 2x as strong so oral dose may need downscaling accordingly If someone is stable on a patch - keep them on it whilst on the driver
27
What opioids are safest in renal impairment?
.
28
What are adjuvant analgesics? What are they used for?
Antidepressants Antiepileptics MORE ON SLIDES
29
What are adjuvant analgesics? What are they used for?
Antidepressants Antiepileptics MORE ON SLIDES
30
What painkillers can put someone at risk of developing iron deficiency anaemia?
NSAIDs - due to the inhibitory effects on the production of prostaglandins by the gastric mucosa