Analgesics and Anaesthetics

Question 1

Meloxicam

Answer 1

NSAID - used in small mammals, cattle and pigs

Question 2

Dexsamethasone

Answer 2

Steroid

Question 3

Morphine

Answer 3

Opioids

Question 4

Medetamidine

Answer 4

A2- agonist, cattle are sensitive

Question 5

Bupivocaine

Answer 5

Local Anaesthetic

Question 6

Lindocaine

Answer 6

Local Anaesthetic, used systemically as a central modulator of pain

Question 7

Ketamine

Answer 7

NDMA antagonist
Analgesic at low doses and anaesthetic at high
Dissociative anaesthetic - doesn’t cause muscle relaxation, and all reflexes maintained, causes apneustic respiration

Question 8

Gabapentine

Answer 8

Voltage gated Ca2+ channel blocker, anti-epileptic, used for central modulation of pain

Question 9

Carprofen

Answer 9

NSAID - used in small mammals, cattle and horses

Question 10

Finocoxib

Answer 10

NSAID - used in small mammals

Question 11

Finadyne

Answer 11

NSAID - used in horses, pigs and cattle

Question 12

Pheynlbutazone

Answer 12

NSAID - used in horses

Question 13

Ketoprofen

Answer 13

NSAID - used in pigs

Question 14

Methadone

Answer 14

Full opioid agonist, acts of Gi to hyperpolarise cell, injection, also acts to inhibit NDMA receptors

Question 15

Fentanyl

Answer 15

Full opioid Mu receptor agonist, acts on Gi to hyperpolarise cell, transdermal and injection

Question 16

Buprenorphine

Answer 16

Partial opioid agonist, acts of Gi to hyperpolarise cell, injection and oral administration

Question 17

Tramadol

Answer 17

Non-liscenced opioid agonist

Question 18

Amitrypralline

Answer 18

Tricyclic anti-depressant, used as a central modulator of pain

Question 19

NO2

Answer 19

NDMA receptor antagonist, used as a central modulator of pain

Question 20

Acepromazine

Answer 20

Phenothiazine
Inhibits a number of receptors: Dopaminergic, Histamine, A1+A2, muscarinic and serotonin
Used as a sedative / anaesthetic in Horses (also for clipping and separation of foal and mare) Dogs and Cats
Not licensed in farm animals
Causes vasovagal response and fainting in Boxers
Also antiemetic, cardioprotective and a vasodilator

Question 21

Fluonisone

Answer 21

Dopaminergic antagonist, used as a sedative often in combination with Fentanyl in Rabbits, mice, rats and guinea pigs

Question 22

Xylazine

Answer 22

A2 agonist used in sedation
Emetic in cats and dogs
Cattle particularly sensitive

Question 23

Detamidine

Answer 23

A2 agonist used in sedation

Emetic in cats and dogs

Question 24

Ramifidine

Answer 24

A2 agonist used in sedation

Emetic in cats and dogs

Question 25

Aledetomidine

Answer 25

A2 agonist used in sedation | Emetic in cats and dogs

Question 26

Dexmedetomidine

Answer 26

A2 agonist used in sedation | Emetic in cats and dogs

Question 27

Diazepam

Answer 27

Benzodiazapene, sedative and muscle relaxant - acts on GABA channels increasing frequency of opening, causes dyphoria in healthy animal however

Question 28

Midazalam

Answer 28

Benzodiazepene Sedative and muscle relaxant through actions on GABA channel - increasing frequency of opening Causes Dysphoria in healthy animal however

Question 29

Flumazine

Answer 29

Benzodiazepene antagonist

Question 30

Isoflurane

Answer 30

Inhaled anaesthesia, can be used in all species, vapourised with NO2 (reduces MAC ) or O2 Gaba agonist, Glycine + NMDA + N.ACh antagonist, Activates K2 channels and Leak K channels

Question 31

Halothane

Answer 31

Inhaled anaesthetic

Question 32

Sevoflurane

Answer 32

Inhaled anaesthetic

Question 33

Desflurane

Answer 33

Inhaled anaesthetic

Question 34

Xenon

Answer 34

NMDA receptor antagonist - anaesthetic

Question 35

Profolol

Answer 35

GABA agonist, used as an anaesthetic ( but no analgesic affect) In cats, dogs and foals via IV

Question 36

Etomidate

Answer 36

GABA agonist, used as an anaesthetic in cardiovasularly unstable patients, racemate mixture, only R active

Question 37

Adaptil

Answer 37

Dog appeasing pheromone, can be as a room diffuser or as a collar

Question 38

Feliway

Answer 38

Mimic feline facial pheromone

Question 39

Pherocalm

Answer 39

Used for horses, mimics pheromone produced from lactating mares, both adult and foal are sensitive