ANALYTICAL CHEM Flashcards by FIONA MARIE CABILAN

Q

The science of inventing and applying the
concepts, principles, and strategies for
measuring the characteristics of chemical
systems and species

A

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

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Q

Often described as the area of chemistry
responsible for characterizing the composition of matter, both qualitatively (what is present) and quantitatively how much is present).

A

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

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Q

Operate at the extreme edges of analysis

A

ANALYTICAL CHEMIST

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Q

PROCESS OF THE ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE

STEP 1

A

Identify and define the problem

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Q

PROCESS OF THE ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE

STEP 2

A

Design the experimental procedure

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Q

PROCESS OF THE ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE

STEP 3

A

Conduct an experiment, and gather data

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Q

PROCESS OF THE ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE

STEP 4

A

Analyze the experimental data

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Q

PROCESS OF THE ANALYTICAL PERSPECTIVE

STEP 5

A

Propose a solution to the problem

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Q

EURT OR ESLAF

In medicine, analytical chemistry is the basis for clinical laboratory test

A

EURT

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Q

In community, analytical chemistry provides the means of testing raw materials and for assuring the quality of finished products whose chemical composition is critical.

A

ESLAF
In INDUSTRY, analytical chemistry provides the means of testing raw materials and for assuring the quality of finished products whose chemical composition is critical.

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Q

An analysis that refers to “what”
Reveals the identity of the elements and
compounds in a sample.

A

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS

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Q

a test that can occur with other substances but exhibits a degree of preference for the substances of interest.

a. SELECTIVE REACTIONS
b. SPECIFIC REACTIONS
c. SELECTIVITY

A

SELECTIVE REACTIONS

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Q

test that occurs only with the substance of interest

a. SELECTIVE REACTIONS
b. SPECIFIC REACTIONS
c. SELECTIVITY

A

SPECIFIC REACTIONS

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Q

Sample preparation: extraction; precipitation

a. SELECTIVE REACTIONS
b. SPECIFIC REACTIONS
c. SELECTIVITY

A

SELECTIVITY

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Q

refers to how much; measures the exact amount of substance of
interest

A

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

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Q

rapid test, that indicates presence or absence of sample of interest

A

Fast Screening Phase

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Q

3 PHASES OF QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

A

Fast Screening Phase
Identification Phase
Quantification Phase

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Q

QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES

A

o Immunoassays;
o Gas Chromatography
o Mas-Spectrometry
o Liquid Chromatography

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Q

the specific substance of
interest.

A

ANALYTE

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Q

part of the sample APART from the
analyte.

A

MATRIX

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Q

usually employs precipitation, titrimetric, and gravimetric methods

A

WET ANALYSIS

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Q

utilizes sophisticated devices

A

INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS

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Q

a statistical process used to monitor and evaluate the analytical process that producespatient results.

A

QUALITY CONTROL

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Q

a system of ensuring precision and accuracy in the laboratory by using quality control reagents in every series of measurements

A

QUALITY CONTROL

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EURT OR ESLAF ONE IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY CONTROL IS: Establish the reliability of laboratory data in aiding the physician in the diagnosis of the disease

EURT

EURT OR ESLAF ACCURACY - ability of a method to detect and measure even the smallest amount of the particular substance tested for. It is degree by w/c significant deviation can be detected.

ESLAF ACCURACY – the ability of a method to determine the exact value of the substance of interest. It is the closeness of the value obtained with the true value SENSITIVITY – ability of a method to detect and measure even the smallest amount of the particular substance tested for. It is degree by w/c significant deviation can be detected

ability of a method to detect and measure even the smallest amount of the particular substance tested for. It is degree by /c significant deviation can be detected.

SENSITIVITY

ability of a method to measure only the component desired w/out interference of some substances present in the sample

SPECIFICITY

the ability of a method to determine the exact value of the substance of interest. It is the closeness of the value obtained with the true value

ACCURACY

the ability of the method to give repeated results on the same sample tat agree with one another

PRECISION / REPRODUCIBILITY

the degree by w/c the method is easily repeated

PRACTICABILITY

OTHER PURPOSE OF QUALITY CONTROL

* To check stability of the machine * To check the quality of the reagent * To check the technical error if any was committed by the operator

Solution of known characteristics and of known value. It is composed of one known constituent only and used as basis or reference for calculation of the value of the unknown

STANDARD SOLUTION

a solution composed of several known constituent’s w/c can be run simultaneously w/ the test to check the accuracy of the result

CONTROL SOLUTION

TRUE OR FALSE PREPARATION OF NON- COMMERCIAL QUALITY CONTROL REAGENTS USING SERUM 1. Collect 2-3 liters of pooled serum in 2 months time

FALSE Collect 1-2 liters of pooled serum in 2 months time

TRUE OR FALSE PREPARATION OF NON- COMMERCIAL QUALITY CONTROL REAGENTS USING SERUM 2. Freeze at -20 degrees

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE PREPARATION OF NON- COMMERCIAL QUALITY CONTROL REAGENTS USING SERUM 6. Determine the standard deviation of a particular analyte for 10-20 consecutive days

FALSE Determine the standard deviation of a particular analyte for 20-30 consecutive days

TRUE OR FALSE PREPARATION OF NON- COMMERCIAL QUALITY CONTROL REAGENTS USING SERUM 3. Thaw at hot temperature

FALSE Thaw at room temperature

TRUE OR FALSE PREPARATION OF NON- COMMERCIAL QUALITY CONTROL REAGENTS USING SERUM 5. Dilute in to 5-10ml aliquot samples and place in a test tube with stopper

TRUE

errors in quality control; fundamental basis of statistical analysis.

VARIATIONS

consumes the sample

DESTRUCTIVE

sample is usable for further analysis

NON- DESTRUCTIVE

the process of standardizing analysis output or instrument readout

CALIBRATION

EXTENT OF ANALYSIS measures the amount of each constituent a. COMPLETE AND EXACT b. ULTIMATE ANALYSIS c. PROXIMAL ANALYSIS

COMPLETE AND EXACT

EXTENT OF ANALYSIS measures each element a. COMPLETE AND EXACT b. ULTIMATE ANALYSIS c. PROXIMAL ANALYSIS

ULTIMATE ANALYSIS

EXTENT OF ANALYSIS amount of certain selected constituents a. COMPLETE AND EXACT b. ULTIMATE ANALYSIS c. PROXIMAL ANALYSIS

PROXIMAL ANALYSIS

MEASUREMENTS: FOR SAMPLE SIZE >0.1 grams

MACRO

MEASUREMENTS: FOR SAMPLE SIZE 0.01 to 0.1 grams

SEMIMICRO

MEASUREMENTS: FOR SAMPLE SIZE 0.0001 to 0.01 grams

MICRO

MEASUREMENTS: FOR SAMPLE SIZE <0.0001 grams

ULTRA MICRO

MEASUREMENTS: FOR ANALYTE >1%

MAJOR

MEASUREMENTS: FOR ANALYTE 1 TO 0.01%

MINOR

MEASUREMENTS: FOR ANALYTE 0.01 TO 0.0001%

TRACE

MEASUREMENTS: FOR ANALYTE < 0.0001%

ULTRA TRACE

represents a specimen with known value that is similar in composition

CONTOL

represents a substance that is measured to know the accuracy and precision of the machine or instruments

CALIBRATOR

represents a substance that is measured to know the accuracy and precision of the machine or instruments

COMMERCIALLY PREPARED

values are known and given

Assayed

values are known but not given

Un assayed

Pooled Sera and Non Icteric Animal Blood; Blood Bank Plasma

NON-COMMERCIALLY PREPARED

clear, non-lipemic, non-hemolyzed

Pooled Sera

expired; fasting human donor

Non Icteric Animal Blood; Blood Bank Plasma

any deviation away from an expected result due to unpredictable cause.

RANDOM

any deviation away from an expected result due to a definite cause.

SYSTEMATIC

used to draw “lines in the sand” for patient specimens, control specimens and calibrators

STATISTICS

a branch of mathematics that collects, analyzes, summarizes and presents information about “observations.”

STATISTICS

the laboratory's best estimate of the analyte's true value for a specific level of control.

THE MEAN

the laboratory's best estimate of the analyte's true value for a specific level of control.

STANDARD DEVIATION

used interchangeably with standard deviation

PRECISION

express how far apart numerical values are from each other

IMPRECISION

express how far apart numerical values are from each other

TREND

Abrupt changes in the control mean

SHIFTS