Analytical Chemistry

Question 1

specie of special interest

Answer 1

analyte

Question 2

performed either through wet-analysis or instrumental methods

Answer 2

Analytical methods

Question 2

part of the sample outside the analyte

Answer 2

matrix

Question 3

usually employs precipitation, titrimetric, and gravimetric methods

Answer 3

wet-analysis

Question 4

uses sophisticated instruments capable of measuring the analyte’s physical and chemical properties

Answer 4

Instrumental methods

Question 5

renders the sample usable for the succeeding analyses as its composition are kept intact; true for some instrumental analyses

Answer 5

Non-destructive analysis

Question 6

ends up consuming the sample or renders it unusable for the succeeding analyses; true for all, if not most, wet analyses

Answer 6

Destructive analysis

Question 6

determines only a limited number of specie in the sample

Answer 6

proximate or partial

Question 6

determines the amount of each element in the sample regardless of composition

Answer 6

ultimate

Question 6

determines the amount of each element in the sample present per composition

Answer 6

complete

Question 6

separation via precipitation, extraction or distillation

Answer 6

classical methods

Question 7

separation via chromatography and electrophoresis

Answer 7

instrumental methods

Question 7

representative sample obtained at the sampling site

Answer 7

gross sample

Question 7

homogenized gross sample brought in the laboratory

Answer 7

laboratory sample

Question 8

portion of the laboratory sample used in the actual test method

Answer 8

analysis sample

Question 8

converts any interfering specie into non-detected form

Answer 8

masking

Question 9

done by precipitation, extraction, electrodeposition, ion-exchange, volatilization or chromatography

Answer 9

separation

Question 9

process of standardizing output or instrument readout

Answer 9

calibration

Question 10

a plot of instrument response as a function of concentration

Answer 10

calibration curve

Question 10

a given amount of sample is “spiked” with a known amount of standard and any increase in signal due to the added standard is observed

Answer 10

standard addition

Question 11

analysis of reference materials or samples of known concentration

Answer 11

accuracy

Question 11

analysis of replicate samples

Answer 11

precision

Question 11

analysis of matrix spikes

Answer 11

extraction efficiency

Question 12

analysis of blanks

Answer 12

contamination

Question 13

Establishes the baseline of an analytical instrument, in the absence of sample

Answer 13

System or Instrument blank

Question 18

To measure the amount of the analytical signal which arises from the dilution solvent.

Answer 18

Solvent or Calibration blank

Question 19

To detect contamination from reagents, sample handling, and the entire analytical process

Answer 19

Method blank

Question 20

To detect contamination from field handling, transportation, or storage

Answer 20

Matched-matrix blank

Question 21

To detect contamination in sampling media such as filters and sample adsorbent traps

Answer 21

Sampling media or trip blank

Question 22

To determine contamination of equipment and assess the efficiency or equipment clean-up procedures

Answer 22

Equipment blank

Question 23

also known as systematic error, are non-random (or consistent) error that can be detected and corrected

Answer 23

determinate errors

Question 24

also known as random error, arise from the effects of uncontrollable variable in the measurement

Answer 24

indeterminate

Question 25

used to determine whether there is a significant difference between the results of two different methods based on their standard deviations

Answer 25

f-test