Anaphy 1 Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Forms its anterior roof
A
Hard palate
2
Q
form its posterior roof
A
soft palate
3
Q
a fleshy finger like projection of the soft palate
A
Uvula
4
Q
tear and grind food, breaking it down into smaller fragments
A
teeth
5
Q
first set that begins to erupt around 6 months
A
Milk teeth or deciduous teeth
6
Q
a baby has a full set of 20 teeth by age of?
A
2 years old
7
Q
First teeth to appear
A
lower central incisors
8
Q
second set of teeth that enlarge and develop
A
permanent teeth
9
Q
emerged between 17-25
A
3rd molars
10
Q
chisel-shaped adapted for cutting
A
incisor
11
Q
fang like for tearing or piercing
A
Canine
12
Q
have broad crowns with rounded tops suited for grinding
A
molar and premolar
13
Q
have broad crowns with rounded tops suited for grinding
A
molar and premolar
14
Q
product of salivary glands, a mixture of mucus and serous fluids
A
saliva
15
Q
moistens and helps bind food together into a mass called bolus which makes chewing and swallowing easier
A
Mucus
16
Q
is an invitation enzyme contained in the clear serious portion which begins the process of start digestion in the mouth
A
Salivary amylase
17
Q
contains substances or antibodies such as IgA that inhibit bacteria and has a protective function
A
saliva
18
Q
antibodies in saliva and tears
A
IgA
19
Q
first to respond in case of infection
A
IgM
20
Q
most abundant and respond to bacteria or viral infection
A
IgG
21
Q
antibody for parasitic and allergic reaction
A
IgE
22
Q
least understand antibodies
A
IgD
23
Q
area contained by the teeth
A
Oral Cavity
24
Q
occupies the floor of the mouth
A
tongue
25
posterior enf of the oral cavity which paired masses of lymphatic tissue; component of_____ first line of defense against infection
Palatine Tonsils; Waldeyer's ring
26
food from the mouth passes posteriorly into oropharynx and laryngopharynx, both of which are common passageways for foods, fluids, and air
Pharynx
27
it is about____ long, a passageway that conducts food from the pharynx to the stomach?
25 cm (10 inches) ; Esophagus or Gullet
28
The distal end of the esophagus is guarded by ____. Which prevents food regurgitation?
lower esophageal sphincter
29
It is also known as _____ It prevents gastric reflux.
Cardiac sphincter
30
a flap of cartilage over the top of the larynx keeps food out of the larynx during swallowing
Epiglottis
31
C-shaped located on the left side of the abdominal cavity, nearly hidden by the liver and diaphragm
Stomach
32
expanded part of the stomach lateral to the cardiac region
fundus
33
midportion of stomach
body
34
the funnel-shaped, terminal part which is continuous with the small intestine, which prevents food from getting back to the stomach from the small intestine
Pylorus
35
How long is the stomach
25 cm (10 inches) long
36
stomach can hold?
4 liters of food (1 gallon)
37
How much gastric juices are secreted by the gastric glands
1500-3000 ml
38
Acts as a temporary “storage tank” for food as well as a site for food breakdown.
stomach
39
produce protein-digesting enzymes mostly pepsinogens
Chief cells or Zymogenic
40
____, which is an inactive enzyme, is converted into ____, the active form, in the presence of HCL.
Pepsinogen; pepsin
41
Protein is converted into polypeptides through the presence of?
Pepsin
42
their presence starts the Digestion of emulsified fats
Gastric lipase
43
Milk is curdled and casein is set free through the action of
Rennin or chymosin
44
produce corrosive hydrochloric acid, which makes the stomach contents acidic and activates the enzymes.
Parietal cells
45
These cells produce ___ necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in the small intestine
Parietal cells; Intrinsic factors
46
If deficiency in Vit. B1(Thiamine_
- Wernicke’s encephalopathy
- Korsakoff’s syndrome
- Beri-beri
47
If deficiency in Vit. B2 (Riboflavin)
- Cheilosis
- Lesions on the mucocutaneous surface of the mouth
48
If deficiency in Vit. B3 (Niacin)
- Pellagra (rough skin)
49
If deficiency in Vit. B6 (Pyridoxine)
- Seizure, peripheral neuritis, headache, nausea, anemia
50
If deficiency in Vit. B9 (Folic acid)
- Megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects
51
if deficiency in Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
Penicious anemia
52
produce a sticky alkaline mucus, protects the stomach wall itself from being damaged by the acid and digested by the enzymes
mucus neck cells
53
produced by local hormones that are important to the digestive activities of the stomach and is secreted directly into the stomach
Gastrin
54
Most digestive activity occurs in the?
pyloric region of the stomach.
55
After food has been processed in the stomach, it resembles a heavy cream called __ that enters the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter.
chyme
56
stops here as amylase from the salivary glands is inactivated by the acidity of the stomach
Carbohydrate digestion
57
Carbohydrates are emptied within
1-2 hrs
58
proteins are emptied within
3-4 hrs
59
Fats are emptied within
4-6 hrs
60
The body’s major digestive organ
Small intestine
61
Small intestine is a muscular tube extending from the ____ to the ___ (separates the ileo and cecal)
pyloric sphincter; ileocecal valve
62
It is the longest section of the alimentary tube, with an average length of 2-4 m (6-13 feet)
small intestine
63
curves around the head of the pancreas which is about 25 cm long
Duodenum
64
- about 2.5m (8- feet) long and extends from the duodenum to the ileum
- reabsorption of sugar, amino acids, fats
Jejunum
65
- about 3.6 m (12 feet) long and is the terminal part of the small intestine
- absorption of bicarbonate
Ileum
66
controls food movement into the small intestine from the stomach and prevents the small intestine from being overwhelmed
pyloric sphincter
67
About 1.5 m (5 -6feet) long which extends from the ileocecal valve to the anus
large intestine
68
dry out the indigestible food residues from the water, to eliminate these residues from the body as feces.
large intestine
69
- first part of the large intestine
- solute or water
Cecum
70
- hangs from the cecum, it is twisted, ideal location for bacteria to accumulate and multiply
- unknown/ some house of good bacteria
Appendix
71
____ travels up to the right side of the abdominal cavity and makes a turn, the right colic, or hepatic flexure, to travel across the abdominal cavity as ____
ascending colon; transverse colon
72
turns again at the LEFT COLIC or SPLENIC FLEXURE and continues down the left side as the ____ enters the pelvis where it becomes the S-shaped ____
descending colon; sigmoid colon
73
The LI absorbs water, sodium and chloride. Approximately ___ of water is absorbed.
500-1000ml of water
74
A soft, pink triangular gland that extends across the abdomen from the spleen to the duodenum
Pancreas
75
The exocrine portion of the pancreas, through secretory units called ____, secretes alkaline pancreatic juice containing many different enzymes
acini cells
76
The pancreas produces how much pancreatic juice daily?
1500-3000 ml
77
Secretion of pancreatic juice is controlled by the ___and the intestinal hormones ___and ___
vagus nerve, secretin, and cholecytokinin
78
promotes fat breakdown and absorption
pancreatic lipase
79
completes starch digestion
pancreatic amylase
80
responsible for half of all protein digestion
Trypsin or Chymotrypsin
81
break down nucleic acids
Nucleases
82
- 1300 ml of blood per min/ 20-25% of CA
- largest gland in the body located under the diaphragm more to the right side of the body
Liver
83
Liver weighs about ___ in the average size adult
4 lb. (1.4 kg)
84
liver is encased in a fibro-elastic capsule called ___ that contains blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves
Glisson capsule
85
Two- thirds of the blood supply comes from ____ which is mostly un-oxygenated blood. (80-85%, 2/3)
portal vein
86
The _____ delivers about_____of deoxygenated blood to the liver from the inferior and superior mesenteric veins and the splenic vein.
hepatic portal vein; 800-1200 ml/min
87
The ____ branching from the abdominal aorta provides oxygenated blood at a rate of ___ (25%, 1/5)
hepatic artery; 100-500 ml/min.
88
Liver tissue consists of functional units called _______, which are composed of plates of hepatocytes
hepatic lobules
89
Sinusoids of liver blood- filled spaces within lobules, are lined with _____, which are phagocytic cells that remove debris from the blood.
Kupffer cells
90
Liver cells secretes ____of bile daily (50-70% concentrated)
700-1000 ml
91
When bile is not needed for digestion, the _____ (located at the point at which bile enters the duodenum) is closed, and bile backs up the cystic duct into the gallbladder for storage.
Sphincter of Oddi
92
____is a yellow-to-green watery solution containing bile salts, bile pigments chiefly _____ (a breakdown product of hemoglobin), cholesterol, phospholipids and a variety of electrolytes.
Bile; bilirubin
93
normal Serum bilirubin
0.1- 1mg/dl
94
The ____ joins the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct, from which bile enters into the duodenum
cystic duct
95
formation and storage of glucose to glycogen
Glycogenesis
96
breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Glycogenolysis
97
breakdown of fats and protein into glucose)
Gluconeogenesis
98
Stores iron as____which is released as needed for the production of RBCs
Ferritin
99
Small, thin-walled green sac that lie in a shallow fossa in the inferior surface of the liver
Gallbladder
100
Gallbladder stores ____of concentrated bile
50-70 ml
