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SLAUGHTERING > ANAPHY > Flashcards

ANAPHY Flashcards

1
Q

Refer to the science that deals with the form and structure of all organisms. The word means to cut apart;

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

It is the study of the integrated functions of the body and the functions of all its parts (systems, organs, tissues, cells, and cell components), including biophysical and biochemical processes.

A

Physiology

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3
Q

combination of chemistry and microscopic anatomy.

A

Histochemistry.

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4
Q

This is the study of the form and relations (relative positions) of the structures of the body that can be seen with the unaided eye.

A

gross (macroscopic) anatomy

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5
Q

It is a study of the structures of various species of animals, with particular emphasis on those characteristics that aid in classification.

A

Comparative anatomy

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6
Q

It is the study of developmental anatomy, covering the period from conception (fertilization of the egg) to birth.

A

Embryology

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7
Q

Study of tissues and cells that can be seen only with the aid of a microscope.

A

Microscopic anatomy or Histology

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8
Q

deals with portions of cells and tissues as they are visualized with the aid of the electron microscope.

A

Ultrastructural cytology

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9
Q

Our approach to the study of anatomy will
be chiefly by systems.

A

Systematic anatomy

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10
Q

Skeletal system

A

Osteology

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11
Q

Articular system

A

Arthrology (Joints)

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12
Q

Myology (Muscles)

A

Muscular system

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13
Q

Digestive system
Respiratory system
Urinary system
Reproductive system

A

Splanchnology

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14
Q

Endocrine system

A

Endocrinology (Ductless glands)

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15
Q

Nervous system

A

Neurology (Brain, spinal cord, and nerves)

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16
Q

Cardiology (Heart and vessels)

A

Circulatory system

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17
Q

Sensory system

A

Esthesiology (Eye and ear)

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18
Q

terms that are frequently used to describe the eye and aspects of dental anatomy

A

anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior

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19
Q

It is a directional term meaning toward
the head.

A

Cranial

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20
Q

The shoulder is _______ direction to the hip; it
is closer to the head than the hip.

A

Cranial

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21
Q

It means toward the tail.

A

Caudal

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22
Q

The rump is _______ to the loin.

A

caudal

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23
Q

directional terms used about features of the head to mean toward the nose.

A

rostral

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24
Q

directional terms used about features of the head to mean toward the tail.

A

caudal

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25
Q

It is an imaginary plane passing through the body to divide the body into equal right and left halves.

A

Median plane

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26
Q

A beef carcass is split into two halves on the _______ plane.

A

median

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27
Q

It refers to any plane parallel to the
median plane.

A

Sagittal plane

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28
Q

The median plane is sometimes
called __________ plane.

A

midsagittal plane.

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29
Q

It is at right angles to the median plane and divides the body into cranial and caudal segments.

A

Transverse plane

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30
Q

A cross-section of the body would be made on a _________ plane.

A

transverse plane.

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31
Q

It is at right angles to both the median plane and transverse planes.

A

horizontal plane

32
Q

dorsal

A

upper segments

33
Q

ventral

A

lower segments

34
Q

It is an adjective meaning close to or toward the median plane.

A

Medial

35
Q

It is the antonym of medial; it means away from the median plane.

A

Lateral

36
Q

It means toward or beyond the backbone or vertebral column.

A

Dorsal

37
Q

It is the noun referring to the dorsal portion or back.

A

Dorsum

38
Q

It means away from the vertebral column or toward the midabdominal wall.

A

Ventral

39
Q

These indicate proximity to the center of an anatomical structure.

A

Deep and internal

e.g. The humerus (arm bone) is deep in relation to all other structures in the arm.

40
Q

These refer to proximity
to the surface of the body

A

Superficial and external

e.g. Hair is superficial to
all other structures of the body.

41
Q

It means relatively close to a given part, usually the vertebral column, body, or center of gravity.

A

Proximal

It is generally used in reference to an extremity or limb. The carpus or knee is proximal to the foot.

42
Q

It means farther from the vertebral column, and like proximal, it is generally used in reference to portions of an extremity.

A

Distal

e.g. The hoof is distal to the carpus or knee.

43
Q

suffix _____ is used to form an adverb from any of the above-named directional terms, indicating movement in the direction of or toward.

A

x -ad

as in dorsad, ventrad, caudad, and craniad,

44
Q

It refers to the flexor or caudal surface.

A

Palmar

45
Q

It is used in this region to refer to the opposite (cranial) side

A

Dorsal

46
Q

It refers to the caudal surface

A

Plantar

47
Q

It refers to a position in which the dorsal aspect of the body or any extremity is uppermost.

A

Prone

48
Q

It refers to the act of turning toward a prone position.

A

Pronation

49
Q

It refers to the position in which the ventral aspect of the body or palmar or plantar aspect of an extremity is uppermost.

A

Supine

50
Q

It refers to the act of turning toward a supine position.

A

Supination

51
Q

Median

A

means on the midline (as in the median plane, or the median artery).

52
Q

Medial

A

it means toward the midline and is a term of relativity (as it implies that there is a lateral).

53
Q

types of tissues that cover the surface of the body, line body cavities, and form glands.

A

Epithelial tissues

54
Q

Type of tissue which supports and binds
other tissues together and from which, in the
case of bone marrow, the formed elements of
the blood is derived.

A

Connective tissues

55
Q

Type of tissue that specializes in contracting;

A

Muscle tissues

56
Q

Type of tissue that conducts impulses from one part of the body to another.

A

Nervous tissues

57
Q

The study of the bones that make up the skeleton, or framework of the body.

A

Osteology

58
Q

Functions of Bones

A
  • Protection of vital organs
  • locomotion, defense, offense, grasping,
  • storage area for minerals, particularly calcium
    and phosphorus.
59
Q

It is the hard layer that constitutes the exterior of most bones and forms almost the entire shaft of long bones.

A

Compact (dense or cortical) bone

60
Q

This bone is composed of spicules arranged to form a porous network. The spaces are usually filled with marrow.

A

Cancellous (spongy) bone

61
Q

It is the space surrounded by the cortex of a long bone.

A

Medullary cavity (marrow cavity)

62
Q

It is the red marrow found in young animals that gradually is replaced by yellow marrow (fat) as the animal ages.

A

hematopoietic tissue

63
Q

It refers to either end of a long bone.

A

Epiphysis

64
Q

It is the cylindrical shaft of a long bone between the two epiphysis.

A

Diaphysis

65
Q

The _________ of a mature bone is the flared area adjacent to the epiphysis.

A

Metaphysis

66
Q

It is a layer of hyaline cartilage within the metaphysis of an immature bone that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis. This is the only area in which a bone can lengthen.

A

Epiphyseal cartilage or disk (physis)

67
Q

It is a thin layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the articular (joint) surface of a bone.

A

Articular cartilage

68
Q

It is a fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a bone except where articular cartilage is located.

A

Periosteum

69
Q

The ________ of the periosteum are responsible for increases in the diameter of bones, and the activity of periosteal cells is important in the healing of fractures.

A

Osteoblasts (bone-producing cells)

70
Q

The three types of muscle

A

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac.

71
Q

e bulk of the muscle in the body, and it is responsible for producing the voluntary movements of the limbs, trunk, and head.

A

skeletal muscle

72
Q

It is characterized by fibers with visible striations, so it is considered a type of striated muscle. However, it is like smooth muscle, contracts intrinsically, and is not under voluntary control.

A

Cardiac muscle

73
Q

The connective tissue between individual muscle fibers.

A

endomysium.

74
Q

the sheath surrounding bundles of muscle fibers.

A

perimysium

75
Q

the connective tissue around an entire
muscle.

A

epimysium

SLAUGHTERING (7 decks)

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