Anaphy Flashcards
(138 cards)
1
Q
Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
and their relationships to one another
A
Anatomy
2
Q
Study of how the body and its parts work or function
A
Physiology
3
Q
Gross/Macroscopic Anatomy
A
Regional Anatomy
System Anatomy
Surface Anatomy
4
Q
Microscopic Anatomy
A
Cytology
Histology
5
Q
Developmental Anatomy
A
Embryology
6
Q
looks at all structures in a
particular area of the body;
A
Regional Anatomy
7
Q
looks at just one system
(cardiovascular, nervous, muscular, etc.);
A
System Anatomy
8
Q
looks at internal structures
as they relate to overlying skin (visible muscle
masses or veins seen on surface).
A
Surface Anatomy
9
Q
microscopic study of cells
A
Cytology
10
Q
microscopic study of tissues
A
Histology
11
Q
study of developments before birth
A
Embryology
12
Q
Based on Organ Systems
A
ex: Neurophysiology
Cardiac Physiology
13
Q
looks at how the body’s abilities are dependent on
chemical reactions in individual cells
A
Often focuses on cellular and molecular
levels of the body
14
Q
explains the workings of
the nervous system
A
Neurophysiology
15
Q
studies the function of the
heart
A
Cardiac Physiology
16
Q
The body of the human being exhibits many levels of structural complexity and is very organized, from the smallest chemical
level to whole organism level
A
Levels of Structural Organization
17
Q
Levels of Structural Organization
A
- Chemical level
- Cellular level.
- Tissue level.
- Organ level.
- Organ system level .
- Organ level.
18
Q
Basically all forms of matter (organic or inorganic) are comprised of atoms and when combined chemically
form molecules.
A
Chemical Level
19
Q
Molecules, in turn, associate in specific ways to form microscopic cells, which are the basic unit or building
blocks of every living thing.
A
Cellular Level
20
Q
When cells group together for a single purpose or function
A
Tissue Level
21
Q
An organ is comprised of two or more tissue types performing a specific function for the body.
A
Organ Level
22
Q
When groups of organs work together to achieve a common bodily function
A
Organ System Level
23
Q
The organismal level is the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive.
A
Organismal Level-
24
Q
four basic tissue
A
- epithelial
- connective
- muscular
- nervous.
25
How many organ systems are there?
11
26
What are the organ System?
1. Integumentary System
2. Skeletal System
3. Muscular System
4. Nervous System
5. Endocrine System
6. Cardiovascular System
7. Lymphatic System
8. Respiratory System
9. Digestive System
10. Urinary System
11. Male/Female Reproductive System
27
Forms the external body covering; protects deeper tissue from injury; synthesizes vitamin D; location of sensory receptors and sweat and oil glands
Integumentary System
28
Protects and supports body organs; provides a framework the muscles use to cause movement; blood cells are formed within bones; stores minerals
Skeletal System
29
Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression; maintains posture; produces heat
Muscular System
30
Fast-acting control system of the body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate changes by activating appropriate muscle and glands
Nervous System
31
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and nutrient use by body cells
Endocrine System
32
Blood vessels transport blood, which carries oxygen, nutrients, hormones, carbon dioxide, waste, etc: the heat pumps blood
Cardiovascular System
33
Picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels and returns it to blood dispose of debris in the lymphatic stream; houses while blood cells involved in immunity
Lymphatic System
34
Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide; the gaseous exchanges occur through the walls of the air sacs of he lungs
Respiratory System
35
Breaks food down into absorbable nutrients that enter the blood for distribution to body cells; indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces
Digestive System
36
Eliminates nitrogen-containing waste from the body; regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of the blood
Urinary System
37
Production of offspring
Male/Female Reproductive System
38
Organ systems do not work in isolation; instead, they work together to promote the well-being of the entire body.
Necessary Life Functions/Maintaining Life
39
Every living organism’s
“inside” must remain distinct
from its “outside.”
Maintaining Boundaries
40
includes all the activities where bones and
muscles work together, as well as when
substances such as blood, foodstuff, and urine
are propelled through the internal organs
Movement
41
the ability to sense changes (stimuli) in
the environment and then to react to them
Responsiveness/
Irritability
42
the process of breaking down ingested
food into simple molecules that can then be absorbed into the blood and distributed
to all body cells for energy and raw materials
Digestion
43
refers to all chemical
reactions that occur within
the body and all of its cells
Metabolism
44
the process of removing wastes from the
body in the form of feces, urine, and sweat,
which involves several organs systems
Excretion
45
the process of producing an offspring and
is achieved via mitosis or meiosis in the cellular level
Reproduction
46
this can be an increase in cell size or body
size, wherein cell-constructing activities
must occur at a faster rate than
cell-destroying ones
Growth
47
any factors coming from the environment
that causes changes in the human body,
such as increase or decrease in
temperature or presence of a pathogen.
Stimulus
47
It is very astounding as to how there are trillions of cells in the body and yet they are performing their task with little to no
error.
Homeostasis
48
type of sensor that monitors and responds to
changes in the environment (stimuli) by sending
information (input) to the second component, the
control center. Information flows from the receptor
to the control center along the afferent pathway.
Receptor
49
it determines the level (set point) at which a
variable is to be maintained. This component
analyzes the information it receives from the
receptor and then determines the appropriate
response or course of action.
Control Center
50
it provides the means for the control
center’s response (output) to the stimulus.
Information flows from the control center to
the effector along the efferent pathway.
Effector
51
it is considered a corrective measure of the body to
the stimulus or disturbance in the body, which can
either be a positive or negative feedback mechanism
Response
52
describe one body structure in relation to another body structure
and the direction is always based on standard anatomical position.
Directional Terms
52
Toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; ABOVE
Superior (cranial or cephalic)
53
Away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body: BELOW
Inferior (caudal)
54
Toward or at the front of the body; in FRONT of
Anterior (ventral)
55
Toward or at the backside of the body: BEHIND
Posterior (Dorsal)
56
Toward or at the midline of the body; on the INNER side of
Medial
57
Away from the midline of the body; on the OUTER SIDE of
lateral
58
BETWEEN a more medial and a more lateral structure
Intermediate
59
Close to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Proximal
60
Farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk
Distal
61
Toward or at the body surface
Superficial (external)
62
Away from the body surface; more INTERNAL
Deep (Internal)
63
anterior body trunk inferior to ribs
abdominal
64
point of shoulder
acromial
65
Forearm
antebrachial
66
anterior surface of elbow
antecubital
67
armpit
axillary
68
arm
brachial
68
cheek area
buccal
68
wrist
carpal
68
neck region
cervical
69
hip
coxal
70
anterior leg; the shin
crural
71
curve of shoulder formed by large deltoid muscle
deltoid
72
finger, toes
digital
73
thigh
femoral
73
lateral part of leg
fibular
74
forehead
frontal
75
chin
mental
75
area where thigh meets body trunk;groin
inguinal
76
nose area
nasal
77
mouth
oral
78
eye area
orbital
78
anterior knee
patellar
78
relating to, or occuring in or on, the chest
pectoral
78
area overlying the pelvis anteriorly
pelvic
79
ankle region
tarsal
79
genetal region
pubic
79
breatbone area
sternal
80
area between the neck and abdomen, supported by the ribs, sternum and costal cartilages; chest
thoracic
81
navel
umbilical
82
heel of foot
calcaneal
82
thigh
femoral
83
head
cephalic
84
area of back between ribs and hips; the lion
lumbar
85
posterior surface of head or base of skull
occipital
85
buttock
gluteal
86
posterior surface of elbow
olecranal
87
sole
plantar
88
posterior knee area
popliteal
89
are between hips at base of spine
sacral
90
shoulder blade region
scapular
91
the posterior surface of leg; the calf
sural
92
area of spinal column
vertebral
93
It is a cut along the lengthwise or longitudinal plane of the body, dividing the body into right and left parts.
Median (Midsagittal) or Sagittal Plane
94
It is a cut along a lengthwise plane that divides the body (or an organ) into anterior and posterior parts.
Frontal Plane or Coronal Section
95
It is a cut along a horizontal plane, dividing the body or organ into superior and inferior parts. It is also called a cross
section.
Transverse Plane
96
Body cavities provide different degrees of protection to organs within them. They are typically divided into two______
the dorsal
and ventral body cavities.
97
What are the 2 subdivisions of dorsal body cavity?
1. Cranial City
2. Spinal Cavity
98
space inside the bony skull that protects the
brain
Cranial Cavity
99
The ventral body cavity is much larger than the dorsal cavity. It contains all the
structures within the chest and abdomen including the visceral organs, and is also
subdivided into 3.
1. Superior Thoracic Cavity
2. Superior Abdominal Cavity
3.Inferior Pelvic Cavity
99
contains the stomach, liver,
intestines, and other organs
Superior Abdominal Cavity
99
extends from the cranial cavity to the end of the
spinal cord
Spinal Cavity
100
separated from the rest of the
ventral cavity by the diaphragm; has mediastinum
Superior Thoracic Cavity
101
contains the reproductive organs,
bladder, and rectum
Inferior Pelvic Cavity
101
divisions used primarily by
medical personnel and are
named according to their
relative locations with respect
to anatomical position
Abdominopelvic Quadrants
101
is the centermost region, deep to and surrounding the
umbilicus (navel).
umbilical region
101
What are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants and regions?
1. right upper quadrant (RUQ)
2. right lower quadrant (RLQ)
3. left upper quadrant
(LUQ)
4. left lower quadrant (LLQ).
101
is located superior to the umbilical region (epi = upon, above;
gastric = stomach).
epigastric region
102
is inferior to the umbilical region (hypo = below).
hypogastric (pubic) region
103
are lateral to the
hypogastric region (iliac superior part of the hip bone).
right iliac (inguinal) region and left iliac (inguinal) region
104
lie lateral to the umbilical region
(lumbus = loins) and spinal column between the bottom ribs and the hip bones.
right lumbar region and left lumbar region
105
106
the oral cavity or the mouth, contains the teeth and tongue. This cavity is part of and
continuous with the digestive organs, which open to the exterior at the anus.
Oral cavity and digestive cavity
107
- located within and posterior to the nose, the nasal cavity is part of the respiratory system.
Nasal cavity
108
the orbital cavities (orbits) in the skull house the eyes and present them in an anterior position.
Orbital cavities
109
-the middle ear cavities carved into the skull lie just medial to the eardrums. These cavities contain tiny
bones that transmit sound vibrations to the hearing receptors in the inner ears.
Middle ear cavities
110
anything that occupies space and has mass. Weight is a measure of gravity pulling on mass.
Matter
111
have a definite shape and volume.
Solids
112
do not alter the basic nature of a substance.
Physical Changes
112
have a definite volume, but they
conform to the shape of their container.
Liquids
112
Do alter the composition of the substance - often substantially
chemical change
112
Have neither a definite volume
Gas
113
It has no mass and does not take up space. It can be measured only by its effects on matter.
Energy
113
When energy is actually doing work (moving objects),
we refer to it as
Kinetic energy
114
When energy is inactive or stored (as in the batteries of an unused toy),
Potential energy
