Anaphy Quiz 2 (Urinary)

Question 1

Structural and functional unit of kidneys

Answer 1

Nephrons

Question 2

Two main structures of each nephron:

Answer 2

1. Renal Corpuscle
2. Renal tubule

Question 3

Renal corpuscle consists of what

Answer 3

1. Glomerulus
2. Bowman’s Capsule/Glomerular Capsule

Question 4

What makes up the Glomerulus

Answer 4

Podocytes

Question 5

A knot of capillaries found in the renal corpuscle of nephrons

Answer 5

Glomerulus

Question 6

A cupshaped structure that surrounds the glomrulus

Answer 6

Glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule

Question 7

What are the subdivisions of the Renal Tubule:

Answer 7

1. Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
2. Nephron loop (loop of Henle)
3. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 8

a. Where does the Renal tubule start?
b. Where does it end?

Answer 8

a. Glomerular (Bowman’s) Capsule
b. Collecting Duct

Question 9

These nephrons are located entirely in the cortex

Answer 9

Cortical nephrons

Question 9

Most nephrons are located here

Answer 9

Cortical nephrons

Question 10

Found at the cortex-medulla junction

Answer 10

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 11

Two capillary beds associated with each nephron

Answer 11

1. Glomerulus
2. Peritubular capillary bed

Question 12

Glomerulus is fed and drained by what?

Answer 12

Arterioles

Question 13

Arises from a cortical radiate artery and feeds the glomerulus

Answer 13

Afferent Arteriole

Question 13

Receives blood that has passed
through the glomerulus

Answer 13

Efferent Arteriole

Question 14

Where does the Peritubular capillary bed arise?

Answer 14

Efferent Arteriole

Question 15

These are low-pressure, porous capillaries that are adapted for absorption in the nephron

Answer 15

Peritubular capillary beds

Question 16

Where does Peritubular capillary beds drain?

Answer 16

Interlobar veins

Question 17

Water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced through the
capillary walls and pores of the glomerular
capsule into the renal tubule.

Answer 17

Glomerular filtration:

Question 18

Urine formation is the result of three processes, what are these 3 processes?

Answer 18

1. Glomerular filtration
2. Tubular reabsorption
3. Tubular secretion

Question 19

Water, glucose,
amino acids, and needed ions are
transported out of the filtrate into the tubule
cells and then enter the capillary blood.

Answer 19

Tubular reabsorption

Question 20

H1, K1, creatinine, and
drugs are removed from the peritubular blood
and secreted by the tubule cells into the
filtrate

Answer 20

Tubular secretion

Question 21

What substances are “too large” to pass through the filtration membrane?

Answer 21

Proteins and blood cells

Question 22

Once in the capsule, the fluid is called a what

Answer 22

Filtrate

Question 22

Filtrate leaves via the?

Answer 22

Renal Tubule

Question 23

Is filtration a nonselective or selective passive process?

Answer 23

Nonselective

Question 23

The peritubular capillaries reabsorb useful substances from the renal tubule cells, such as:

Answer 23

▪ Water ▪ Glucose ▪ Amino acids ▪ Ions

Question 23

Where do most reabsorption occur

Answer 23

Proximal Convoluted tubule

Question 24

Is reabsorption mostly passive or active?

Answer 24

Mostly active

Question 24

Some materials move from the blood of the peritubular capillaries into the renal tubules to be eliminated in filtrate, what are these materials?

Answer 24

▪ Hydrogen and potassium ions ▪ Creatinine

Question 25

Secretion is important for: (just reveal answer)

Answer 25

▪ Getting rid of substances not already in the filtrate ▪ Removing drugs and excess ions ▪ Maintaining acid-base balance of blood

Question 26

Most important trigger for aldosterone release

Answer 26

Renin-angiotensin mechanism

Question 27

Renin-angiotensin mechanism is mediated by what

Answer 27

Juxtaglomerular (JG) apparatus

Question 28

Renin-angiotensin mechanism: (Just Reveal Answer)

Answer 28

Renin -> Angiotensin II -> causes vasoconstriction -> release of Aldosterone Result: Increase in blood volume and pressure

Question 28

Cells of the JG apparatus are stimulated by what? Allowing the enzyme to be released into the blood

Answer 28

Low Blood Pressure

Question 29

Formation of glomerular filtrate

Answer 29

Glomerulus

Question 30

Reabsorption of 65% of filtered Na/K/Ca and Mg; 85% of NaHCO3, and nearly 100% of glucose and amino acids. Isosmotic reabsorption of water

Answer 30

Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Question 31

Secretion and reabsorption of organic acids and bases, including uric acid and most diuretics

Answer 31

Proximal Tubule, straight segments

Question 32

Passive reabsorption of water

Answer 32

Thin descending limb of Henle's loop

Question 33

Active reabsorption of 15--25% of filtered Na/K/Cl; secondary reabsorption of Ca and Mg

Answer 33

Thick ascending limb of Henle's Loop (TAL)

Question 34

Active reabsorption of 4-8% of filtered Na and Cl; Ca reabsorption under parathyroid hormone control

Answer 34

Distal Convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 35

Na reabsorption (2-5%) coupled to K and H secretion

Answer 35

Cortical Collecting tubule (CCT)

Question 36

Water reabsorption under vasopressin control

Answer 36

Medullary collecting duct