anaphylaxis: a cardiovascular-respiratory problem Flashcards
what is anaphylaxis?
serious allergic reaction that is invariably rapid in onset and may cause death if not treated appropriately and adequately
what are the % of the population that experience anaphylaxis? and to whom does it occur the most?
0.05-2% of the population experience anaphylaxis at some point in their lives and it affects mostly young people and females
what are the “classical” four signs of acute inflammation? what is the fifth sign that was added later on?
rubor = redness calor = heat tumor = swelling dolor = pain/unpleasant sensation fifth sign: loss/disturbance of function
what are the inducers of anaphylaxis?
food insect stings drugs latex hair dye
there are different type of hypersensitivity reactions. what are they?
type 1: immediate type, anaphylactic reaction
type 2: cytolytic reaction-autoimmune, IgG and IgM, targets vascular cells
type 3: complement fixation - induces inflammation, IgG
type 4: delayed-type
where does IgE bind to?
surface of particular inflammatory white blood cells namely mast cells and basophils
where can we find mast cells?
widely distributed throughout the body in connective tissue and in association with epithelial mucosae
what are the similarities and differences between mast cells and basophils?
similar in general appearance and function
they dev from different hematopoietic lineages
what are allergens?
antigen that causes an allergic-type IgE-mediated response
what is the name of the IgE receptors found on the surface of basophils and mast cells?
FCepsilonRI receptor
what is the process of the release of inflammatory mediators from mast cells called?
“explosive” process
what is the “A,B,C” treatment of anaphylaxis?
A- airways
B- breathing
C- circulation
it should aim to open up narrowed airways (reverse bronchoconstriction) and elevate blood pressure (re-establish tissue perfusion)
