1
Q
What are the core principles of anarchism?
A
- autonomy of the individual
- opposition to authority
- opposition to the state
- society based of voluntary cooperation
2
Q
what are the 2 main strands of anarchism?
A
- collectivist
- individualist
3
Q
What is individual anarchism?
A
Individualist anarchists value the individual and individual freedom above all else
4
Q
What is collectivist anarchism?
A
A belief that true freedom can only be achieved through cooperation and communal living rather than individualism
5
Q
How do individualist and collectivist anarchists differ on freedom?
A
- individualist: freedom is about autonomy and the right to make personal decisions
- collectivists: true freedom can only exist when individuals work together for the common good
6
Q
What are the different types of anarchism under individualist
A
- egoism
- anarcho-capitalist
7
Q
What are the different types of anarchism under collectivist?
A
- anarcho-communism
- mutualism
- anarcho-syndicalism
8
Q
who is the key thinkers under individualist anarchism
A
- Max Stirner
9
Q
Who are the key thinkers under collectivist anarchism
A
- Emma Goldman
- Mikhail Bakunin
- Peter Kropotkin
- Pierre Joseph Proudhon
10
Q
why do anarchists reject the state?
A
- the state denies freedom and autonomy
- inflicts punishment on those who act against it
- taxation is seen as theft for rich
11
Q
How do anarchists view society?
A
- natural order will emerge without the state
- collectivists: society should be based on voluntary cooperation and mutual aid
- individualists: fear collective oppression
12
Q
how do anarchist view the economy?
A
- all anarchists oppose state-controlled economies
- individualist: Support free exchange between autonomous individuals
- collectivist: Labour being paid at its true value and goods based on how much work has gone into it
13
Q
Who was Max Stirner?
A
- individualist anarchism
- leading figure in the egoism sub-strand
- believed individuals should be free from all constraints
14
Q
What is egoism
A
The individual is the only reality
15
Q
What was Max Stirners view on human nature?
A
- humans are egoistic and self-interested
16
Q
what was Max Stirners view on the state?
A
- the state is oppressive and limits individual freedom
17
Q
what was Max Stirners view on society
A
- society of any kind restrains individuals
- proposed the ‘Union of Egoists’, a voluntary association where individuals work together but can leave at any time
18
Q
What was Max Stirners view on the economy?
A
- the accumulation of private property is our main economic motivation
19
Q
Who was Mikhail Bakunin?
A
- collectivist anarchism
- syndicalism sub-strand
- developed the idea of federalism
20
Q
What is anarcho-syndicalism?
A
- workers organise into trade unions to fight capitalism and the state
- aim to create a stateless, worker-controlled society through direct action like strikes and general strikes.
21
Q
What were Bakunin’s views on human nature?
A
- humans are naturally social animals
22
Q
What were Bakunin’s view on the state
A
- the state serves capitalism
- both state and capitalism should be destroyed by revolution
23
Q
what were Bakunin’s views on society?
A
- society should be based on self-governing federations of workers
- workers would cooperate, not compete
24
Q
what were Bakunin’s views on the economy?
A
- the market system should be replaced by exchange based of true value of labour and goods
25
Who was Peter Kropotkin?
- collectivist
- anarcho-communist
- born into a russian aristocracy but disliked the actions of his class
26
what is anarcho-communism?
- calls for the abolition of the state, capitalism, and private property
- aim to create a stateless, classless society based on common ownership, direct democracy, and voluntary cooperation.
27
what were Peter Kropotkin's views on human nature?
- humans are sociable and prefer collective activity
- he argued that cooperation, not competition, is key
28
What were Peter Kropotkin's views on the state?
- the capitalist state must be destroyed by revolution
- must be replaced by a voluntary system of independent, self governing communities
29
What were Peter Kropotkin's views on society?
- society should be based on small, self-sufficient communities
- no central authority should exist; instead voluntary federations should organise resources
30
What were Peter Kropotkin's views on the economy?
- capitalism was to be replaced by the communal system of small economic units.
31
Who was Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
- collectivist
- mutualism sub-strand
32
What is mutualism?
- It supports a society without a state where people make fair agreements, own small amounts of property they actually use, and trade goods fairly with others who work for themselves.
33
what were Proudhon's views on the human nature?
- humans are naturally cooperative, productive, and capable of self-management
- need fair systems to prevent exploitation
34
what were Proudhon's views on the state?
- the state is oppressive and must be abolished
- this could happen through peaceful, democratic means but may have to happen through force
35
what were Proudhon's opinions on society?
- mutualism is the basis of a strong society
- this involves people being bound together by mutually beneficial economic and social relations
36
what were Proudhon's view on economy?
- people divided into independent units, trading with each other on a mutual beneficial basis
- 'property is theft' criticised private property as a source of exploitation
37
Who was Emma Goldman
- Collectivist
- both Anarcho-communist and Feminist
38
What were Goldman's views on human nature?
- humans are inherently free, rational, and capable of living cooperatively without authority
- corrupted by the state, religion, and capitalism.
39
What were Goldman's views on the state?
- state is only one source of oppression
- religion and private ownership are equally oppressive
- even democratic systems are coercive
40
what were Goldman's views on society?
- people should be treated as equal, no matter, economic status, gender and race
41
What were Goldman's views on the economy?
- liberty is more important than economic justice
- communism is more preferable to other systems
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