ANAT 2 The vestibular system

Question 1

vestibular system

essential in producing?

divided into five components:

locations? responsible for?

p

c

v

v

v

Answer 1

Question 2

vestibular labyrinth

contsists of __ separate receptor structures

split up how? (2)

two distinct components

b- what is it?

m- consists of?

Answer 2

Question 3

where is perilymph located? similar to? bathes?

endolymph where? covers?

ionic concentrations? important for?

balance maintained by?

Answer 3

Question 4

vestibular receptor organs

(2)

each made up of? senses what?

receptor cells innervated by? of the?

central processes enter what? terminate where? ipsi or contra?

Answer 4

Question 5

orientation

anterodorsally to nasooccipital? (2)

when a person is walking or running this affects orientation how?

vertically? (3)

vertical canals orientation?

Answer 5

Question 6

vascular supply to vestibular system

main? from what? enters temporal bone through?

another branch? mainly to?

interruption of blood supply cause?

results in symptoms such as? (3)

Answer 6

Question 7

supported inside of? by?

semicircular canals connect to?

each duct ends with a? whats inside that?

receptor orientation within utricle? saccule?

endolymph goes where?

sinus communicates though the? with the?

saccule is also connected to? via?

Answer 7

Question 8

Disruption of normal endolymph volume resulting in ______ ______

what disease?

symptoms? (4)

attacksc of?

treatment? (2)

Answer 8

Question 9

vestibular sensory receptors

what cells? project from? CONTAINS?

types?

they receive synapses from? that control?

from what nucleus?

activated by?

Answer 9

Question 10

The ampulla

what cells lie embedded in? extends across?

types?

enveloped in what structure? called? attaches to?

rotational head movements produce? what is displaced? pushes? displace? in what direction?

Answer 10

Question 11

the macula

hair cell extend into?

covered by what?

density? which means?

change in head position relative to what displaces what?

bends underlying?

Answer 11

Question 12

vestibular nuclei

process what?

target what? (6)

each nucleus differs in?

the 4 different nuclei? location of each?

Answer 12

Question 13

vestibular afferents

primary afferent fibers enter at?

traverse what? then branch into?

afferents from semicircular canals (ampulla) project to? minor to?

otolith organs (maculae) project to?

saccular afferents project to? influence

Answer 13

Question 14

cerebellar connections

only what?

what fibers? (from) course through? (what structure)

send collaterals to what nucleus? terminate as what fibers?

secondary?

Answer 14

Question 15

other afferents

(3)

2 main? arise from? go to?

Answer 15

Question 16

permits keeping fixed gaze on object while head is moving?

ex?

achieved through? known as?

type of reflex? because?

in what direction/speed?

at will?

Answer 16

Question 17

rotational vestibuloocular reflex

what muscles must be controlled?

what senses vertical movements? horizontal? torsional?

discussing horizontal but what similar connection for vert/torsional?

Answer 17

Question 18

horizontal. primary afferents project to? located?

3 steps?

send axons through? to?

this sends what? via? to?

what also sends impulse? to? which innervates?

2nd set to? type of signal?

3rd set to? type of signal?

Answer 18

Question 19

during a LEFT head turn

which semicircular canal activates what nuclei?

what about the other side? via?

on the active side what do the neurons excite?

produces contraction of?

this causes what eye movement? allows?

inhibition?

Answer 19

Question 20

linear vestibuloocular reflex

occur in what fashion? involve connections to?

examples?

Answer 20

Question 21

nystagmus

4 steps

what reflex? this will do what? what phase is this?

limit?

what happens then?

followed by?

named for?

Answer 21

Question 22

slow phase and fast phase movements picture (nystagmus)

Answer 22

Question 24

Caloric test?

use test in patients complaining of? what are we testing?

what is put where?

warm? cold?

mnemonic to remember?

differ by side?

Answer 24

Question 25

muscle tone and reflexive postural adjustments? (network) via? (tracts) lateral? neurons in? topographically projects to where? what area/region? fibers course through? terminate on? (3) give off collaterals in where? this ensures?

Answer 25

Question 26

vestibulospinal network- influences what? (2) tracts? medial- vestibular stim on? what nucleus? (mainly/lesser) receive input from? (3) fibers descend (ipsi/contra) through what? terminate in? what motor neurons? effects seen in what reflex?

Answer 26

Question 27

vestibular thalamus? thalamus receives projections from which vestibular nuclei? (ips/cont) most terminate in what? what regions? mainly? also? many of these cells are what? others? anterior pulvinar? thalamic regions represent what?

Answer 27

Question 28

vestibular cortex what cortical regions are the vestibular signals distributed to? 1. areas? on what cortex? which does each area do? 2. area? what cortex? houses neurons involved in?? (3) integrates cues of? lesions result in?

Answer 28

Question 29

vestibular cortex what cortical regions are the vestibular signals distributed to? 3. what areas? of the? and? cells respond to what? (4) PIVC lesions cause? (3) 4. what cortex/gyrus? receives what signals? controls?

Answer 29

Question 30

dizziness and vertigo dizziness- def? involve feelings of movement? may be accompanied by? origin? vertigo- def? types? what is each? a sign in one of them?

Answer 30

Question 31

one of the most common vestibular disorders? characterized by? coincide with? triggered by? most accepted explanation? (term for this) this produces abnormal?

Answer 31

Question 32

benign tumor originates from? (name of disease) rarely from? represents how much of intracranial tumors? typically located in? this impinges? (3) speed of growth? patients may present with? (3)

Answer 32

Question 33

Vestibular neuritis? patient presents with? (3) what also that helps diagnose? thought to involove? (such as) some patients have recent history of? treatments?

Answer 33