ANAT 315 2/2 Flashcards
(218 cards)
1
Q
What is the pelvic girdle made up of?
A
Hip bone (innominate x2), sacrum and the coccyx
2
Q
Innominate Bone
A
3 fused bones: Ilium, Pubis and Ischium
3
Q
Features of the Ilium
A
-4 spines
-Iliac crest
-Iliac fossa
-Arcuate Line
-Greater sciatic notch
-Iliac tuberosity
-Auricular Surface
-Gluteal surface
-
4
Q
Features of the Ischium
A
-Ischial Spine
-Lesser Sciatic notch
-Ischial Tuberosity
-Ischial Ramus
5
Q
Features of the Pubis
A
-Pectineal Line
-Superior &Inferior Pubic ramus
-Symphyseal surface
-Body
6
Q
Shared features of the Ischium, Ilium and Pubis
A
-Acetabulum (all 3)
-Obturator foramen (Pubis & Ischium)
-Ischiopubic ramus (pubis & Ischium)
-Iliopectineal line (ilium & pubis)
7
Q
Difference between male and female pelvic girdles?
A
Females have wider space than males
8
Q
Features of the sacrum
A
-Sacral ala
-Sacral Canal
-Posterior and Anterior Sacral Foramina
-Sacral Promontory
-Sacral Hiatus
-Auricular surface (shared with ilium)
9
Q
where is Coccyx located
A
inferior of sacrum
10
Q
What is the pelvic Inlet & what are its 3 borders?
A
superior opening of pelvis
Anterior border: pubic symphysis
Posterior border: Sacral promontory and ala
Lateral border: iliopectineal line
11
Q
What is the pelvic Outlet & what are its 3 borders?
A
inferior opening of pelvis
Anterior border: Pubic arch
Posterior border: Coccyx
Lateral border: Ischial Tuberosity
12
Q
True vs False Pelvis
A
False Pelvis: contains organs of lower abdomen
True Pelvis: between the inlet and outlet; where the viscera is located
13
Q
Pubic Symphysis Joint
A
-fibrocartilaginous
-between pubis’
-connected by pubis symphysis on symphyseal surface
14
Q
Sacroiliac Joint
A
-where sacrum and ilium articulate
-articulation at auricular surfaces
15
Q
Sacroiliac Ligament
A
-attaches sacrum to ilium
16
Q
Sacrospinous Ligament
A
-connects sacrum and Ischial Spine
-assists in supporting sacroiliac joint
17
Q
Sacrotuberous Ligaments
A
-3 attachment points; posterior superior iliac spine, sacrum and the ischial tuberosity
18
Q
Inguinal Ligaments
A
-does not support sacroiliac joint
-connects at anterior superior iliac spine and pubis
19
Q
Sciatic Foramina
A
-Greater can be viewed anteriorly above the sacrospinous ligament
-lesser can be viewed anteriorly below the sacrospinous ligament and above the sacrotuberous ligament
20
Q
Hip Joint
A
-articulation between innominate bone and femur
-synovial ball and socket joint
-triaxial
-more stable than mobile
21
Q
Acetabulum
A
-Shared by the 3 fused bones
-socket that head of femur sits inside
22
Q
Features of the Acetabulum
A
-lunate surface (inside)
-acetabular labrum (extends out for more stability
23
Q
Femoral Head
A
contains fovea (attachment site for ligamentum teres)
24
Q
Ligamentum Teres
A
-holds femoral head in acetabulum
25
3 supporting ligaments of the hip joint
Iliofemoral, Pubofemoral, Ischiofemoral
26
Iliofemoral Ligament
-connects Ilium to femur
-Y ligament
-prevents hyperextention
-in the middle of the other 2
27
Pubofemoral Ligament
-connects pubis to femur
-prevents excesstive abduction
-anterior of the 3
28
Ischiofemoral Ligament
-connects ischium to femur
-prevents hyperextenstion
-posterior of the 3
29
Features of the proximal femur
-head
-neck
-fovea
-Greater trochanter
-Trochanteric fossa
-Lesser trochanter
-Intertrochanteric crest
-Intertrochanteric line
-Gluteal Tuberosity
30
Function of pelvic floor
support pelvic viscera
31
Ischiococcygeus Origin
inferior end of sacrum
32
Ischiococcygeus. Insertion
ischial spine
33
Ischiococcygeus Action
supports pelvic viscera
34
Levator Ani Origin
**group of 3 muscles
pubis, superior pubic ramus
35
Levator Ani Insertion
anococcygeal ligament, coccyx
36
Levator Ani Action
supports pelvic viscera
37
2 hiatuses of pelvic floor
Anal (posteriorly) and Urogenetial (anteriorly)
38
Piriformis Origin
pelvic surface of sacrum
39
Piriformis Insertion
apex of the greater trochanter of the femur
40
Piriformis Action
Lateral rotation, abduction, and extension of hip joint
41
Sciatic nerve orgin
lumbosacral plexus (L4,L5,S1,S2,S3)
42
What is prirformis syndrome?
when piriformis muscle compresses sciatic nerve
43
Obturator Externus Origin
outer surface of obturator membrane
44
Obturator Externus Insertion
trochanteric fossa of the femur
45
Obturator Externus Action
Lateral rotation,and adduction of the hip joint
46
Obturator Internus Origin
inner surface of obturator membrane
47
Oturator Internus Insertion
medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur
48
Obturator Internus Action
Lateral. rotation, adduction and extension of hip joint
49
Gemellus Superior Origin
Ischial Spine
50
Gemellus Superior Insertion
medial surface greater trochanter
51
Gemellus Superior Action
lateral rotation, adduction and extension of hip joint
52
Gemellus Inferior Origin
ischial tuberosity
53
Gemellus Inferior Insertion
medial surface greater trochanter
54
Gemellus Inferior Action
lateral rotation, adduction and extension of hip joint
55
Quadratus Femoris Origin
Lateral border of ischial tuberosity
56
Quadratus Femoris Insertion
interotrochanteric crest of femur
57
Quadratus Femoris Action
lateral rotation and adduction of the hip joint
58
Gluteus Maximus Origin
Sacrum, ilium, thoracolumbar fascia and sacrotuberous ligament
59
Gluteus Maximus Insertion
iliotibial tract, and gluteal tuberosity of femur
60
Gluteus Maximus Action
extension, lateral rotation and adduction
61
Gluteus Medius Origin
ilium
62
Gluteus Medius Insertion
greater trochanter of the femur
63
Gluteus Medius Action
abduction of the hip joint
64
Gluteus Minimus origin
ilium
65
Gluteus Minimus Insertion
greater trochanter of the femur
66
Gluteus Minimus Action
abduction of the hip joint
67
Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL) origin
anterior superior iliac spine
68
Tensor Fasciae Latae (TFL) insertion
iliotibial tract
69
Femoral artery
-enters lower limb at inguinal ligament
-travels down anteromedial aspect of the thigh
-passes through adductor hiatus
-supplies the anterior thigh
70
Femoral artery branches
-profunda femoris (deep)
-Lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA)
-Medial circumflex femoral artery
71
Profunda Femoris
-passes between muscles of the medial compartment
-pierces the medial compartment muscle
-supplies blood to POSTERIOR THIGH
72
Lateral Circumflex femoral artery
-short branch of the deep femoral artery
-curves around the neck of femur ="circumflex"
-supplies blood to anterior thigh and hip joint
73
Medial circumflex femoral artery
-posteromedial branch of deep femoral artery
-courses around neck of femur
-emerges in gluteal region
-supplies blood to posterior thigh and hip joint
74
Blood supply of the thigh
-femoral artery
-femoral artery branches (profunda femoris, LCFA, MCFA)
75
Popliteal fossa arteries
1. Popliteal artery
2. Geniculate arteries
3. Posterior recurrent tibial artery
4. Anterior tibial artery
5. Posterior tibial artery
76
Popliteal artery
-enters leg at the base of the popliteal fossa
-supplies blood: knee joint and superficial posterior leg
77
Posterior tibial recurrent artery
-branches laterally from popliteal artery
-moves superior = "recurrent"
-supplies blood: tibia and proximal end of fibula
78
Anterior tibial artery
-originates posteriorly
-branches laterally from popliteal artery
-pierces interosseous membrane towards anterior aspect of leg
79
anterior tibial arteries
-runs deep on top of interosseous membrane
-terminstes in the foot
-supplies blood to anterior leg
-branches into :anterior tibial recurrent artery
80
Anterior tibial recurrent artery
-moved back upwards
-terminates superiorly at the anterior knee joint
-supplies blood to knee joint
-branches off the anterior tibial artery
81
Posterior Tibial Arteries
-runs between the superficial and deep posterior muscle groups
-terminates in the foot
-supplies blood to posterior leg
82
Fibular artery
-branches off posterior tibial artery
-runs down parallel and lateral to tibial artery
-supplies blood to lateral leg and superficial posterior leg
83
DOrsum of the foot
-enters via anterior tibial artery
- ATA bifurcates a the dorsum of the foot into lateral tarsal artery and dorsalis pedis artery
-deep plantar artery branches posteriorly
-supplies digits and dorsum of foot
84
Plantar surface of the foot
-enters via the posterior tibial artery
-curves under the medial calcaneus
-supplies the plantar surface of the foot and digits
85
Veins of the foot
-anterior tibial veins
-great saphenous vein
-plantar venous network of the foot
-dorsal venous network of the foot
-posterior tibial veins
86
Veins of the leg
-popliteal vein
-great saphenous vein
-anterior tibial veins
-posterior tibial veins
-venous network of the foot
87
Great saphenous vein
-empties into the femoral vein
*medial
88
Femoral vein
-ascends from the popliteal vein
-ascends to the inguinal region
89
Obturator nerve
-L2-L4
-exits through obturator foramen
-runs down anterior medial aspect of thigh
-terminates in thigh
-Motor Innervation: medial thigh muscles
-Sensory innervation: skin over the proximal part of the medial thigh
90
Femoral Nerve
-L2-L4
-exits via inguinal ligament
-decends in the anterior thigh to leg
-divides into branches
91
Sciatic Nerve
-L4-S3
-exits through greater sciatic foramen
-runs inferiorly between the medial and posterior thigh compartments
-gives off muscular branches
92
Obturator nerve motor innervation
medial thigh muscles
93
obturator nerve sensory innervation
skin over the proximal part of the medial thigh
94
femoral nerve motor innervation
anterior thigh mescles
95
femoral nerve sensory information
skin of anteromedial thigh and medial aspects of knee, leg and foot
96
Sciatic nerve motor innervation
posterior thigh muscles
97
Sciaic Nerve Termination
terminates in the popliteal fossa by dividing into two branches;
-tibial nerve
-fibular nerve
98
Tibial Nerve
-branches off sciatic nerve
-continues down posterior leg
-terminates in heel of foot
99
Tibial nerve motor innervation
posterior leg muscles and majority of foot muscles
100
tibial nerve sensory innervation
sole of foot and posterior leg
101
Fibular (peroneal) nerve
-branches off sciatic
-curves around head of fibula
-when in anterior compartment, divides into 3 branches
-terminates in the foot
102
Fibular nerve motor innervation
-lateral and anterior leg muscles
-medial aspect of foot muscles
103
fibular nerve sensory information
lateral leg and dorsum of the foot
104
what damange can a broken fibula cause
damage peroneal (fibular) nerve
105
Fascia Lata
-forms membrane that separates the compartments
106
what fuses with the fascia lata
-gluteus maximus
-tensor fascia latae
107
Anterior Compartment of Upper Thigh (8)
-Psoas
-Iliacus
-Rectus femoris
-Vasus Lateralis
-Sartorius
-Vastus Medialis
-Vastus Intermedius
-Quadriceps femoris tendon
108
What is the anterior compartment of the upper thigh innervated by
femoral nerve
109
Psoas major Origin
transverse process and vertebral bodies of T12-L5
110
Iliacus Origin
iliac fossa
111
What does psoas major and iliacus become
iliopsoas
112
iliopsoas insertion
lesser trochanter of femur
113
iliopsoas action
-flexes the thigh at hip joint
-lateral rotation of the thigh
114
Where does psoas and iliacus become iliopsoas
Inguinal Ligament
115
Sartorius origin
anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
116
Sartorius Insertion
medial surface of the tibia
117
sartorius action
-flexes thigh at hip joint
-flexes leg at knee joint
118
Rectus Femoris origin
anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
119
Rectus femoris Insertion
quadriceps femoris tendon
120
rectus femoris action
-flexes thigh at hip joint
-extend leg at knee joint
121
What are the three vastus muscles
Vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius
122
Vastus Lateralis origin
Lateral intertrochanteric line of femur
123
Vastus Lateralis Insertion
Lateral patella via quadriceps femoris tendon
124
Vastus Medialis Origin
Medial intertrochanteric line of femur
125
Vastus Medialis Insertion
Medial Patella via quadriceps femoris tendon
126
Action of the vastus lateralis and medialis
extend leg at knee joint
127
Vastus intermedius Origin
Upper 2/3 of anterior and lateral femur
128
Vastus Intermedius Insertion
-Quadriceps femoris tendon
- lateral patella
- lateral condyle of tibia
129
Vastus intermedius Action
extend leg at knee joint
130
Vastus intermedius innervation
Femoral N
131
Muscles of the superficial medial compartment of the thigh
-Gracilis
-pectineus
-adductor longus
132
Muscles of the deep medial compartment of the upper thigh
-adductor brevis
-adductor magnus
-adductor hiatus
133
Gracilis origin
-inferior pubic ramus
-ischial ramus
134
Gracilis insertion
medial surface of proximal tibia
135
gracilis action
-adduct thigh
-flex the leg
136
Pectineus origin
pectineal line
137
Gracilis innervation
obturator nerve
138
pectineus insertion
pectineal line of the femur
139
pectineus action
-adduct and flex thigh
140
pectineus innervation
femoral nerve
141
Adductor longus origin
external surface of pubis
142
adductor longus insertion
linea aspera of the femur
143
adductor longus action
adduct and medially rotate thigh at hip
144
addcutor longus innervation
obturator n
145
Adductor brevis origin
-external surface of pubis
-inferior pubic ramus
146
Addcutor brevis insertion
posterior surface of femur and upper 1/3 of linea aspera
147
Addcutor brevis action
adducts and medially rotates the thigh at hip joint
148
adductor brevis innervation
obturator nerve
149
adductor magnus (adductor part) origin
ischiopubic ramus
150
adductor magnus origin (hamstring part)
ischial tuberosity
151
adductor magnus (adductor part) insertion
-posterior surface of proximal femur,
-linea aspera
-medial supercondylar line
152
adductor magnus (hamstring part) insertion
supracondylar line
153
adductor magnus (adductor part) innervation
obturator nerve
154
adductor magnus innervation (hamstring part)
sciatic nerve
155
Adductor magnus action
adduct and medially rotate thigh at hip
156
Borders of the femoral triangle
superior. - inguinal
lateral - sartorius
medial - adductor longus
floor -pectineus
157
contents of femroal triangle
femroal nerve artery and vein and lymph nodes
158
Tibialis Anterior origin
-proximal anterior/lateral tibia
-interosseous membrane
159
Extensor Hallicus Longus Origin
-middle 1/3 of medial fibula
-interosseous membrane
160
Tibialis anterior insertion
-medial cuneiform
-base of 1st metatarsal
161
Tibialis anterior action
-dorsiflexion
-inversion
162
Extensor hallicus longus insertion
base of distal phalanx of hallux
163
Extensor hallicus longus action
-dorsiflexion
-extend hallux
164
Extensor digitorum longus origin
-lateral tibial condyle
-head and medial surface of fibula
-interosseous membrane
165
Peroneus Tertius origin
anterior border of distal fibula
166
Extensor digitorum longus insertion
base of distal phalanx for digits 2-5
167
extensor digitorum lobus action
-dorsiflexion
-extend digits 2-5
168
peroneus tertius insertion
base of 5th metatarsal
169
peroneus tertius action
-dorsiflexion
-eversion
170
Peroneus longus origin
-head and proximal 2/3 of lateral fibula
171
peroneus longus insertion
-medial cuneiform
-base of 5th metatarsal
172
peroneus longus action
-eversion
-plantarflexion
173
peroneus brevis origin
distal 1/3 of lateral surface of fibula
174
peroneus brevis insertion
base of 5th metatarsal
175
peroneus brevis action
-eversion
-plantarflexion
176
Gastronemius origin
-medial epicondyle of the femur
-lateral epicondyle of the femur
177
gastrocnemius insertion
-calcaneal tubersoity via calcaneal tendon
178
gastrocnemius action
-knee flexion
-plantarflexion
179
soleus origin
-posterior surface of fibular head and neck
-soleal line
180
soleus insertion
-calcaneal tuberosity via calcaneal tendon
181
soleus action
plantarflexion
182
planaris origin
lateral epicondyle of femur
183
plantaris insertion
calcaneal tubersoity via calcaneal tendon
184
plantaris action
-knee flexion
-plantarflexion
185
Popliteus origin
-lateral femoral condyle
-lateral meniscus
186
poplitus insertion
posterior tibial surface
187
popliteus action
unlocks and stabilizes knee joint
188
tibialis posterior origin
-interosseous membrane
-borders of tibia and fibula
189
tibialis posterior insertion
-navicular
-cuneiforms
-base of 2-4 metatarsals
190
tibialis posterior action
-plantarflexion
-eversion
191
flexor digitorum longus origin
middle 1/3 of posterior surface of tibia
192
flexor digitorum longus insertion
base of 2-5 phalanges
193
flexor digitorum longus action
-plantarflexion
-inversion
-flexion of digits 2-5
194
flexor hallicus longus action
-plantarflexion
-inversion
-flexion of hallux
195
flexor hallucis longus origin
-distal 2/3 posterior fibula
-interosseous membrane
196
flexor hallicus longus insertion
base of distal phalanx of hallux
197
Biceps femoris long head origin
ischial tuberosity
198
biceps femoris long head insertion
-lateral condyle of tibia
-head of fibula
199
biceps femoris long head action
-hip extension
-medial rotation of tibia
-flex knee
200
biceps femoris long head innervation
sciatic -> tibial N
201
biceps femoris short head origin
linea aspera
202
biceps femoris short head insertion
-lateral condyle of tibia
-head of fibula
203
biceps femoris short head action
-knee flextion
-medial rotation tibia
204
biceps femoris short head innervation
sciatic n-> fibular n
205
semitendonosis origin
ischial tubersoity
206
semitendonosis insertion
medial proximal tibia
207
semitendonosis action
-hip extension
-knee flexion
-medial rotation of tibia
208
semitendonosis inervation
sciatic n -> tibial n
209
semimembranosis origin
ischial tuberosity
210
semimembranosis insertion
medial condyle of tibia
211
semimembranosis action
-knee felxion
-hip extension
-medial rotation of tibia
212
semimembranosis innervation
sciatic n -> tibial n
213
Extensor hallicus brevis origin
calcaneus
214
extensor hallicus brevis insertion
-base of phalanx of hallux
215
extensor hallicus brevis action
extend hallux
216
extensor digitorum brevis origin
calcaneus
217
extensor digitorum brevis insertion
base of phalanx 2-4
218
extensor digitorum brevis action
extens toes 2-4
