ANAT basal ganglia

Question 1

components of the basal ganglia

Answer 1

caudate
putamen
globus pallidus
    Internus/Externus
subthalamic nucleus
substantia nigra
    Pars reticulata (output)/Pars compacta (input)

Question 2

what composes the striatum

Answer 2

caudate

putamen

Question 3

what composes lenticular nucleus

Answer 3

putamen

globus pallidus

Question 4

direct pathway

basal ganglia outputs

Answer 4

cortex –> striatum –> GPi/SNr –> thalamus(VA, VL) –> cortical motor areas

Question 5

indirect pathway

basal ganglia outputs

Answer 5

cortex –> striatum –> GPe –> STN –> GPi/SNr –> thalamus (VA, VL) –> cortical motor areas

Question 6

Parkinson Disease

Answer 6

neurons from substantia nigra do not release enough dopamine onto basal ganglia

Question 7

huntington’s disease

Answer 7

degeneration of neurons in the striatum and cerebral cortex resulting in decreased GABA
progressive disease with average age of onset of 45

Question 8

treatment for huntington’s

Answer 8

tetrabenazine (serotonin antagonist)

Question 9

chorea definition

Answer 9

spontaneous, rapid, jerky, arrhythmic involuntary movements which are purposeless or fragments of motor programs

Question 10

athetosis definition

Answer 10

inability to sustain the body part in one position

Question 11

ballismus definition

Answer 11

flailing, flinging movement of the whole extremity seen in lesions of the contralateral STN

Question 12

dystonia definition

Answer 12

persistence or fixing of the posture at the extreme of an athetoid movement of either the extremities or the trunk