Anat lab quiz 6 sensory physiology

Question 1

The essentials of a reflex mechanism are a…

Answer 1

receptor organ, an effector organ and some type of communications network connecting the two

Question 2

reflex action is initiated by …. and results in an …..

Answer 2

input(sensory) stimulus
output (motor) response

Question 3

appropriate response to the stimulus has been built into the nervous system

Answer 3

innate

Question 4

Example of innate

Answer 4

spinal reflexes

Question 5

…… requires transmission from periphery to the spinal cord and then back to the appropriate effector organ

Answer 5

spinal reflexes

Question 6

the pupillary light reflex is a ….

Answer 6

consensual reflex (meaning that normally light that is directed in one eye produces pupil constriction in both eye

Question 7

when the sphincter muscle of the iris contracts…..

Answer 7

pupil size decreases (constricts)

Question 8

when the dilator muscle of the iris contract

Answer 8

pupil size increases (Dilates)

Question 9

Like the pupillary reflex, the pupil constricts or dilates based on the
distance of the image requiring focus

Answer 9

Pupil Accommodation

Question 10

The ciliary muscles control the tension of the lens and increase its
curvature to increase focusing ability. When an individual views a near object, the ciliary
muscles will contract, which decreases the tension on the lens and increases its curvature
(causes lens to bulge). When an individual views a distant object, the ciliary muscles relax,
which increases the tension on the lens and decreases its curvature (causes lens to flatten)

Answer 10

Lens Accommodation:

Question 11

When an individual shifts their view from a far object to a
nearby object, the eyes converge to keep the image focused. This convergence requires the
actions of the medial and lateral rectus muscle, which will contract/relax to allow
convergence to occur.

Answer 11

Convergence in Accommodation:

Question 12

is used in medical settings to illicit a
change in response in tendon reflex activity by forcing the individual to focus their attention on their
arms (by pulling outward) rather than their leg (where the reflex is occurring).

Answer 12

Jendrassik’s Maneuver

Question 13

reflex assesses the first two sacral segments of the spinal cord

Answer 13

he Achilles, or ankle-jerk,

Question 14

examine by touch

Answer 14

palpate

Question 15

as one muscle
contracts, the other muscle relaxes.

Answer 15

antagonistic muscles,

Question 16

is a response mediated over the sympathetic nervous system in response to a painful stimulus

Answer 16

ciliospinal reflex

Question 17

is an abnormal response often associated with damage to
the pyramidal tract fibers (normal reflex in infants)

Answer 17

The Babinski Reflex

Question 18

One of the functions of the semicircular canal mechanism is to….

Answer 18

aid visual fixation on moving objects.

Question 19

If the
canals are stimulated under experimental conditions, reflex response results in a movement of the eyes called

Answer 19

nystagmus

Question 20

five senses

Answer 20

sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.

Question 21

specialized sensory receptors

Answer 21

mechanoreceptors

Question 22

The areas in which mechanoreceptors respond to external stimuli
are known as

Answer 22

receptive fields.

Question 23

the smallest distance
at which two points of contact can be felt, is the

Answer 23

two-point threshold

Question 24

. If a stimulus is applied for a prolonged period of time without
movement, the rate of receptor discharge will slow, and conscious awareness of the stimulus will decline or is
lost (until some stimulus change occurs

Answer 24

sensory adaptation.

Question 25

s an area on the retina where the optic nerve and blood vessels enter and leave the retina and hence there are no rods or cones for visual reception.

Answer 25

The blind spot (or the optic disc)

Question 26

the most widely used in the testing of color blindness.

Answer 26

Ishihara Test.

Question 27

.... is caused by the acceleration of fluid in the semicircular canals which stimulates the crustal in the ampullae and produces the sensation of turning

Answer 27

rotatory nystagmus

Question 28

head to tilt upside down such as a backflip

Answer 28

anterior semicircular canal

Question 29

head to tilt towards the side such as a cartwheel

Answer 29

posterior semicircular canal

Question 30

side to side movement such as spinning in a circle

Answer 30

lateral semicircular canal

Question 31

suddenly stopping the spinning person

Answer 31

post rotatory nystagmus

Question 32

Strike a tuning fork and place the handle of the vibrating fork medially on top of your partner’s head or on the bridge of their nose where the nasal bones articulate with the frontal bone.

Answer 32

weber test The Weber test has been mainly used to establish a diagnosis in patients with unilateral hearing loss to distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.

Question 33

Have the subject plug one ear with a cotton ball and test the open ear as follows: Strike a tuning fork and place the handle of the vibrating fork on the subject’s mastoid process.

Answer 33

The Rinne test is used to evaluate hearing loss in one ear. The Rinne test differentiates sound transmitted through air conduction from those transmitted through bone conduction via the mastoid bone. By comparing air and bone conduction, it helps detect conductive hearing loss in one ear.

Question 34

refers to the distance between your near vision and your distant vision.

Answer 34

near point accommodation

Question 35

A loss of this flexibility over time, usually occurring in older individuals, results in a loss of near focusing ability

Answer 35

presbyopia.

Question 36

refers to an individual’s inability to focus light properly on the retina resulting in nearsightedness

Answer 36

myopia

Question 37

certain sized letters should be seen clearly at specific distances by eyes having normal acuity. what's the equation?

Answer 37

Snellen test V=d/D (patient reads letter/ normal eye reads letters)