Anatmoy Pelvis

Question 1

Bladder

Answer 1

Is reservoir where urine is stored and the capacity for adult female is 400-500 ml , it’s located in pelvic cavity behind pubic bones

Question 2

What is the three layer of the bladder

Answer 2

Mucosa
Smooth muscle layer ( detrusor)
Adventiria

Question 3

Detruson muscle consists of what

Answer 3

Inside it consists of circular and spiral and outside it consists of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers also on the deepest

Question 4

What are the two parts of the bladder

Answer 4

1) Trunk
2) Trigon: is where the urethral orifices open at the bladder base

Question 5

Where does the bladder connected to urethra

Answer 5

By the bladder neck

Question 6

What does bladder nack contains

Answer 6

Detrusor muscle fibers,
Elastic
Collagen fibers
Urethral smooth muscle fibers

Question 7

What happens to the bladder neck when those muscles are relaxed or contract

Answer 7

When they are relaxed the bladder outlet is passively pulled , closed and because impermeable
When they’re contracts the bladder neck open

Question 8

Urethras

Answer 8

Is fibromuscular tube with an average length of 3-4cm and 8-9m. Diameter
It’s embedded in the anterior wall of the vagina and behind the symphysis pubis

Question 9

Urethra consists of

Answer 9

1) Smooth muscle fibers ( inner longitudinal and outer circular arrangement) which are continuous of involuntary contractions trigger structures
2 partially striated muscles fibers

Question 10

Urethra sphincter are examined in two parts

Answer 10

External and internal

Question 11

External urethral sphincter

Answer 11

Located at membranous urethra and it’s under control of somatic pudendal nerve
It’s real sphincter and consists of skeletal muscles
It’s mainly contains fast twitch muscles fibers

Question 12

Internal urethral sphincter

Answer 12

There is not real sphincter in the bladder neck near the internal
Its mostly slow twitch muscles fibers
It’s under control of ans

Question 13

Pelvic floor

Answer 13

Is rhomid structure with symphysis pubic anterior sacrum posterior and ischial spine lateral

Question 14

The imaginary line passing through the ischial and pelvic floor is divided into what

Answer 14

Posterior area called anorectal triangle and anterior area called urogential triangle

Question 15

What are the layers of pelvic floor

Answer 15

External gentail muscles
Urogenital diaphragm
Pelvic diaphragm
Endopelvic fascia

Question 16

External genital muscles

Answer 16

Formed by m. Bullbocavernosis provides clitoris erection in when and m. ischiocavernoses is responsible for maintaining this erection
Transverse perineal muscle support pelvic visceral and regulate intra-abdominal pressure

Question 17

Urogenital diaphragm

Answer 17

It’s also called perineal membrane, it’s triangle shape and fibromusclar layer and it’s located anterior pelvis outlet and attached to pubic bone and lateral wall of vagine

Question 18

Pelvic diaphragm

Answer 18

Iliococcygeus
Pubococcygeus
Puborectalis
Ischiococcygeus
All this muscle together is called levator ani
While this muscle are supported the pelvic viscera the provided urinary and fecal continence by forming a band around the urethra and anorectal junction

Question 19

Endopelvic fascia

Answer 19

Is complex connective tissue of the pelvic floor and consist of collagen, smooth muscle, elastic, fibrovascular content
The connective tissue the pelvic organs and pelvic lateral wall
It’s plays most important role for providing support for the bladder, urethra, vagina and other pelvic organs

Question 20

Pelvic floor ( active support structure and passive support structure)

Answer 20

Active support structure: muscles actively support the pelvic floor
Passive support structure: tendons and ligaments provide passive support

Question 21

Explain the pelvic floor type 1 and type 2

Answer 21

Type1 is 66%soft twitch , maintaining the tone of levator ani and supporting the pelvic organs
Type 2 is 34% fast twitch, activated in stressful situations or sudden intr-abdominal pressure

Question 22

Supporting the pelvic organ depend on what

Answer 22

pelvic floor skeletal muscle
Strong connectives tissue
Attachment of these structures to the pelvic bone

Question 23

What are Micturition two phases

Answer 23

Bladder filling
Bladder emptying

Question 24

Urinary system gets its innervation from three sources what are they

Answer 24

Somatic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous systems
Sympathetic nervous system

Question 25

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 25

Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons s2 s4 Pelvic nerve Contraction of smooth muscle of detrusor and relaxation of outlet of the bladder

Question 26

Somatic nervous systems

Answer 26

Pendetal never Play only a peripheral role in neurological control of lower urinary system through innervation of pelvic floor and external urethra sphincter

Question 27

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 27

T10 to L2 intermedia later nuclear Hypogastric and pelvic nerve Facilitate bladder storage

Question 28

First fullness First micturition feeling Strong sense of micturition

Answer 28

First fullness: it’s when bladder is 40% full it’s doesn’t bother the person and can be ignored First micturition: bladder is approximately 60% full micturition is performed in the appropriate environment, but micturition can be delayed if desired. Strong sense micturition: when bladder is more then 90% full and there’s constant urge to urinate without fear of incontinence

Question 29

The two main function of the bladder

Answer 29

Storage function Discharge function