ANATOMI

Question 1

Stimulation of caudal regions of the paramedian pontine reticular formation
(PPRF) produces 1
A. conjugate horizontal deviation of the eyes to the opposite side
B. conjugate horizontal deviation of the eyes to the same side
C. deviation of only the contralateral eye to the same side
D. deviation of only the ipsilateral eye to the opposite side
i
E. deviation of only the ipsilateral eye to the same side

Answer 1

B. conjugate horizontal deviation of the eyes to the same side

Question 2

Which of the following is true of the occipital eye field?
A. It is localized to a relatively small area.
B. It subserves pursuit eye movements that are largely voluntary.
C. Lesions in this area are associated with transient deviation of the eyes
away from the side of the lesion.
D. The threshold for excitation in this area is lower than in the frontal
eye fields.
E. With lesions in this area, the patient can direct the eyes to a particular
location on command

Answer 2

E. With lesions in this area, the patient can direct the eyes to a particular
location on command.

Question 3

The  intracranial  dura is  innervated  by 
I.  cranial nerve V 
11.  upper  cervical spinal nerves 
111.  cranial nerve X 
IV.  cranial nerve VII 
A.  I,  11, I11 
B.  I,  111 
C.  11,  IV 
D.  IV 
E.  all of  the  above

Answer 3

A. I, 11, I11

Question 4

Descending  fibers  of the  medial longitudinal  fasciculus (MLF)  arise from all of 
the  following structures except  the 
A.  inferior colliculus 
B.  Cajal's  intersitial nucleus 
C  medial vestibular nucleus 
D.  pontine reticular  formation 
E.  superior  colliculus

Answer 4

A. inferior colliculus

Question 5

Which  structure  does not  pass  through  the  orbital  tendinous  ring  (Zinn's 
anulus)? 
A.  frontal nerve 
B.  superior  division of  111 
C.  abducens nerve 
D.  nasociliary nerve 
E.  inferior division  of  111

Answer 5

A. frontal nerve

Question 6

All of the following can be seen in ulnar nerve entrapment at the wrist except
A. motor deficits in the adductor pollicis
B. motor deficits in the deep head of the flexor pollicis brevis
C. motor deficits in the third and fourth lumbricals
D. sensory deficits in the dorsum of the hand
E. sensory deficits in the palmar surface of the hypothenar eminence

Answer 6

D. sensory deficits in the dorsum of the hand

Question 7

The  anterior choroidal  artery  supplies portions  of  each  of  the  following  structures 
except  the 
A.  amygdala 
B.  globus  pallidus 
C.  hippocampus 
D.  hypothalamus 
E.  internal capsule

Answer 7

D. hypothalamus

Question 8

Efferent fibers from the dentate nuclei
A. are somatopically arranged in the thalamus with the head represented
laterally and caudal body parts medially
B. influence activity of motor neurons in the contralateral cerebral cortex
C. leave the cerebellum via the middle cerebellar peduncle
D. mainly terminate in the red nucleus
E. project to the ipsilateral ventral lateral thalamic nuclei

Answer 8

B. influence activity of motor neurons in the contralateral cerebral cortex

Question 9

Each of the following is true of the fornix except
A. It is the main efferent fiber system of the hippocampus.
B. Postcommissural fibers of the fornix project to the mammillary bodies.
C. The columns of the fornix lie anterior to the anterior commmissure.
D. The body of the fornix runs to the rostral margin of the thalamus.
E. The fornical commissure (psalterium) is rostral to the anterior commissure

Answer 9

C. The columns of the fornix lie anterior to the anterior commmissure.

Question 10

The  efferent projections of  the  arcuate nucleus are most closely  associated with the 
A.  mammillary bodies 
B.  median eminence 
C.  nucleus of  the  diagonal band 
D.  posterior  hypophysis 
E.  supraoptic nucleus

Answer 10

B. median eminence

Question 11

Regions of the  striate  cortex  that  do not contain  ocular  dominance columns are 
those representing  the 
I.  fovea 
11.  blind spot  of  the  retina 
111.  macula 
IV.  monocular temporal crescent of  the  visual field 
A.  I,  11.111 
B.  I,  I11 
c.  11, IV 
D.  IV

Answer 11

c. 11, IV

Question 12

Each of the following is true of the supplemental motor cortex (MII) except
A. Some of the neurons project directly to the spinal cord.
B. The body is somatopically represented.
C. The neurons in this area exhibit movement-related activity only if the
motor task is performed with the contralateral limbs.
D. The threshold for stimulation is higher than for the primary motor
cortex (MI).
E. Unilateral ablations produce no permanent deficit in the maintenance of
posture or capacity for movement.

Answer 12

C. The neurons in this area exhibit movement-related activity only if the
motor task is performed with the contralateral limbs.

Question 13

Each is true of dorsolateral fibers entering the dorsolateral spinal cord except
A. Root fibers of spinal ganglia separate into a medial and lateral bundle.
B. The central processes of each dorsal root ganglion divide into both
ascending and descending branches.
C The lateral bundle conveys impulses from free nerve endings.
D. The medial bundle consists of thinly myelinated or unmyelinated fibers,
whereas the lateral bundle is thickly myelinated.
E. The medial bundle conveys impulses from Golgi tendon organs.

Answer 13

D. The medial bundle consists of thinly myelinated or unmyelinated fibers,
whereas the lateral bundle is thickly myelinated.

Question 14

Which of  the  following does the  ulnar nerve innervate? 
I.  pronator quadratus 
11.  flexor  pollicis longus 
111.  opQonens pollicis 
IV.  adductor  pollicis 
A.  I,  11,  111 
B.  I,  111 
C.  11, IV 
D.  IV 
E.  all of  the  above

Answer 14

D. IV

Question 15

Which  of  the  following structures is not  present on  a  transverse  section of  the 
medulla taken  at midolive? 
A.  accessory cuneate nucleus  I 
B.  dorsal nucleus of  X 
C.  nucleus ambiguus 
D.  nucleus of  the  solitary tract 
E.  superior  vestibular nucleus

Answer 15

E. superior vestibular nucleus

Question 16

Which of the  following fiber tracts  is  not a  part  of  the  limbic  system? 
A.  diagonal band  of  Broca 
B.  fornix 
C.  mammillothalamic  tract 
D.  medial forebrain  bundle 
E.  thalamic  fasciculus

Answer 16

E. thalamic fasciculus

Question 17

The secondary somatic sensory area (SII) is located on the
A. medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus
B. medial surface of the superior parietal lobule
C. superior bank of the lateral sulcus
D. ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus
E. same area as the primary somatic sensory area

Answer 17

C. superior bank of the lateral sulcus

Question 18

Which of the following is not seen with a lesion of the facial nerve immediately
distal to the geniculate ganglion?
A. hyperacusis
B. impairment of lacrimation
C. impairment of salivary secretions
D. loss of taste in the anterior two thirds of the tongue
E. paralysis of ipsilateral facial muscles

Answer 18

B. impairment of lacrimation

Question 19

The  external urethral sphincter is  innervated  by 
A.  parasympathetic  pelvic nerves 
B.  somatic pudendal nerves 
C.  sympathetic hypogastric nerves 
D.  AandB, 
E.  BandC

Answer 19

B. somatic pudendal nerves

Question 20

Regions of the brain devoid of a blood-brain barrier (circumventricular organs)
include each of the following except
A. indusium griseum
B. median eminence
C. organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis
D. pineal gland
E. subfornicat organ

Answer 20

A. indusium griseum

Question 21

Uncrossed fibers  of  the  optic  tract  terminate  on  which  layers of  the  lateral 
geniculate? 
A.  1.3,  and  5 
B.  1,4,  and  6 
C.  2,3,  and  5 
D.  2,4,  and  6 
E.  2,5.  and  6

Answer 21

C. 2,3, and 5

Question 22

Substances can cross the  blood-brain  barrier via 
I.  active  transport 
11.  carrier-mediated transport 
111.  diffusion 
IV.  vesicular  transport 
A.  I,  I1,III 
B.  I,  111 
C.  11,  IV 
D.  IV 
E.  all of  the  above

Answer 22

A. I, I1,III

Question 23

Each of the following is true of corticobulbar fibers except
A. Fibers projecting to the posterior column nuclei leave the pyramids and
enter these nuclei via the medial lemniscus or reticular formation.
B. Fibers projecting to trigeminal sensory nuclei and the nucleus solitarius
are derived predominantly from frontoparietal cortical areas.
C. Pseudobulbar palsy can result from unilateral lesions involving
corticobulbar fibers.
D. The supranuclear innervation of motor cranial nerve nuclei is largely bilateral.
E. Unilateral lesions involving corticobulbar fibers produce paralysis of
contralateral lower facial muscles only.

Answer 23

C. Pseudobulbar palsy can result from unilateral lesions involving
corticobulbar fibers.

Question 24

The palmar interosseus muscles
A. abduct the fingers
B. adduct the fingers
C. extend the metacarpophalangeal joints and flex the interphalangeal joints
D. flex the metacarpophalangeal joints and extend the interphalangeal joints
E. perform none of the abov

Answer 24

B. adduct the fingers

Question 25

``` The sciatic nerve supplies each of the following muscles in part or in whole except the A. adductor magnus B. biceps femoris (short head) I C. gluteus maximus D. semimembranous E. semitendinou ```

Answer 25

C. gluteus maximus

Question 26

The syndrome of posteroinferior cerebellar artery (PICA) occlusion consists of , each of the following except A. contralateral loss of pain and temperature in the body B. contralateral loss of pain and temperature in the face - C. ipsilateral paralysis of the pharynx and larynx D. ipsilateral Horner's syndrome E. persistent hiccup

Answer 26

B. contralateral loss of pain and temperature in the face

Question 27

Each of the following characterizes a pathway involved in the pupillary light reflex except A. Crossed and uncrossed fibers of the optic tract terminate on the lateral geniculate body. B. Efferent fibers from the pretectal olivary nucleus cross in the posterior commissure and end in visceral cell columns of the oculomotor nerve complex. C. Efferent fibers from the pretectal olivary nucleus cross ventral to the cerebral aqueduct and end in the visceral cell columns of the oculomotor complex. D. Postganglionic fibers from the ciliary ganglion project to the sphincter of the iris. E. Preganglionic fibers from the nuclei of the oculomotor complex travel with fibers of the third nerve and synapse in the ciliary ganglion.

Answer 27

A. Crossed and uncrossed fibers of the optic tract terminate on the lateral geniculate body.

Question 28

The choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle can be found I. in the caudal aspect of the roof (inferior medullary velum) 11. in the cranial aspect of the roof (superior medullary velum) 111. in the lateral recess (of Luschka) IV. on the floor A. I, 11, 111 B. I, 111 C. 11, IV D. IV E. all of the above

Answer 28

B. I, 111

Question 29

``` The median nerve innervates each of the following muscles except the A. adductor pollicis B. flexor carpi radialis C. opponens pollicis D. palmaris longus E. pronator teres ```

Answer 29

A. adductor pollicis

Question 30

``` Afferent sources of fiber pathways to the septal nuclei include the I. amygdala 11. hypothalamus 111. hippocampus IV. basal ganglia * A. I, 11,111 B. 1.111 C. 11. N D. IV E. all of the above ```

Answer 30

A. I, 11,111