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Anatomy & Physiology > Anatomic Atlas > Flashcards

Anatomic Atlas Flashcards

1
Q

What are body cavities?

A

Spaces within the body containing vital organs.

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2
Q

Name the body’s closed cavities.

A
  • Cranial
  • Vertebral
  • Thoracic
  • Abdominal
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3
Q

Name the body’s open visceral cavities. What are they lined with?

A

-Respiratory Tract
-Urinary Tract
-Digestive Tract
All open visceral cavities are lined with mucus.

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4
Q

What are the 5 factors that make up the anatomical position?

A
  1. Standing erect.
  2. Facing forward.
  3. Arms at side.
  4. Palms forward.
  5. Feet parallel.
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5
Q

What is the term(s) for “front side”?

A

Anterior/Ventral

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6
Q

What is the term(s) for “back side”?

A

Posterior/Dorsal

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7
Q

What is the term(s) for “towards head”?

A

Cephalic

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8
Q

What is the term(s) for “towards tail/feet”?

A

Caudal

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9
Q

What is the term(s) for “above”?

A

Superior

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10
Q

What is the term(s) for “below”?

A

Inferior

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11
Q

What is the term(s) for “towards middle”? What does it refer to?

A

Medial (Refers to trunk.)

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12
Q

What is the term(s) for “towards the side”? What does it refer to?

A

Lateral (Refers to trunk.)

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13
Q

What is the term(s) for “near attachment point”? What does it refer to?

A

Proximal (Refers to appendages.)

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14
Q

What is the term(s) for “further from attachment point”? What does it refer to?

A

Distal (Refers to appendages.)

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15
Q

What are body planes?

A

Fixed lines of reference that section off parts of the body.

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16
Q

What does the Sagittal Plane divide?

A

Left and right.

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17
Q

What does the Frontal Plane divide?

A

Anterior and posterior.

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18
Q

What does the Transverse Plane divide?

A

Superior and inferior (top and bottom).

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19
Q

What is Supine position?

A

Laying on your back (facing upward).

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20
Q

What is Prone position?

A

Laying on your stomach (facing downward).

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21
Q

What does the term “deep” mean?

A

Further from surface.

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22
Q

What does the term “superficial” mean?

A

Near surface.

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23
Q

Name all 9 abdominal regions from top right to bottom left. (1-9)

A
  1. Right Hypochondriac
  2. Epigastric
  3. Left Hypochondriac
  4. Right Lumbar
  5. Umbilical
  6. Left Lumbar
  7. Right Iliac (Inguinal)
  8. Hypogastric
  9. Left Iliac (Inguinal)
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24
Q

What is in the RUQ?

A
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
  • Intestinal Tract
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25
Q

What is in the LUQ?

A
  • Stomach
  • Spleen
  • Intestines
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
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26
Q

What is in the RLQ?

A
  • Appendix
  • Intestines
  • Reproductive Organs (Female)
  • Urinary Tract
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27
Q

What is in the LLQ?

A
  • Intestines
  • Reproductive Organs (Female)
  • Urinary Tract
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28
Q

What does “cephalic” mean?

A

Relating to head.

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29
Q

What does “facial” mean?

A

Relating to face.

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30
Q

What does “cranial” mean?

A

Relating to skull.

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31
Q

What does “pectoral” mean?

A

Relating to chest.

32
Q

What does “orbital” mean?

A

Relating to eye-socket bones.

33
Q

What does “buccal” mean?

A

Relating to cheeks.

34
Q

What does “oral” mean?

A

Relating to mouth.

35
Q

What does “cubital” mean?

A

Relating to elbow.

36
Q

What does “antebracial” mean?

A

Relating to forearm.

37
Q

What does “cervical” mean?

A

Relating to neck.

38
Q

What does “axillary” mean?

A

Relating to armpit.

39
Q

What does “brachial” mean?

A

Relating to upper arm.

40
Q

What does “antecubital” mean?

A

Relating to front of elbow.

41
Q

What does “digital” mean?

A

Relating to fingers.

42
Q

What does “metacarpal” mean?

A

Relating to hand-bones.

43
Q

What does “carpal” mean?

A

Relating to wrist bones.

44
Q

What does “inguinal” mean?

A

Relating to groin.

45
Q

What does “lumbar” mean?

A

Relating to lower back.

46
Q

What does “umbilical” mean?

A

Relating to navel.

47
Q

What does “thoracic” mean?

A

Relating to thorax.

48
Q

What does “abdominal” mean?

A

Relating to abdomen.

49
Q

What does “pelvic” mean?

A

Relating to pelvis.

50
Q

What does “femoral” mean?

A

Relating to thigh.

51
Q

What does “tarsal” mean?

A

Relating to ankle.

52
Q

What does “plantar” mean?

A

Relating to sole of foot.

53
Q

What does “pedal” mean?

A

Relating to foot.

54
Q

What does “patellar” mean?

A

Relating to front of knee.

55
Q

What does “popliteal” mean?

A

Relating to back of knee.

56
Q

What is microscopic anatomy?

A

The anatomy of very small structures.

57
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

The anatomy of large structures.

58
Q

What are the levels of organization from smallest to largest?

A
  1. Organelles
  2. Cells
  3. Tissues
  4. Organs
  5. Organ Systems
  6. Organisms
59
Q

What are the 5 requirements of life and what do they help with/provide?

A
  • Water (Helps with metabolism, transport and regulation.)
  • Food (Provides nutrients.)
  • Oxygen (Provides energy.)
  • Heat (Controls metabolic reactions.)
  • Atmospheric Pressure (Allows blood flow.)
60
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Regulates and maintains body health. (When the external environment changes, the internal environment remains stable.)

61
Q

What does homeostasis help maintain?

A

-pH, oxygen levels, blood pressure, temperature and glucose.

62
Q

What do receptors do?

A

Provide information about stimuli.

63
Q

What do set points do?

A

Tell what certain values should be.

64
Q

What do effectors do?

A

Bring responses that alter conditions.

65
Q

Define steps involved in negative feedback.

A
  1. Receptors measure environment changes.
  2. Effectors bring change back to normal.
  3. Eventually stops overcorrection.
    (i. g. Sweating and shivering.)
66
Q

Define steps involved in positive feedback.

A
  1. Moves conditions away from normal state.
  2. Produces unstable conditions.
  3. Short lived, specific functions.
    (i. g. Blood clotting, uterine, contractions.)
67
Q

Describe the function(s) and major parts of the skeletal system.

A 
Functions:
-Gives the body structure.
-Allows movement.
-Makes blood cells.
-Protects organs.
-Stores minerals.
Organs:
-Bones
-Cartilage
-Ligaments
-Tendons
68
Q

Describe the function(s) and major parts of the muscular system.

A 
Functions:
-Responsible for movement.
Organs:
-Skeletal Muscles.
-Smooth Muscles.
-Cardiac Muscles.
69
Q

Describe the function(s) and major parts of the nervous system.

A 
Functions:
-Helps parts of the body communicate with each other.
-Reacts to bodily changes.
Organs:
-Brain
-Spinal Cord
70
Q

Describe the function(s) and major parts of the integumentary system.

A 
Functions:
-Regulates body temperature.
-Maintains cell fluid.
-Detects stimuli.
Organs:
-Epidermis
-Dermis
-Hypodermis
-Glands
-Hair
-Nails
71
Q

Describe the function(s) and major parts of the circulatory system.

A 
Function(s):
-Delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells.
-Takes away waste.
Organs:
-Heart
-Veins
-Arteries
-Capillaries
72
Q

Describe the function(s) and major parts of the endocrine system.

A 
Functions:
-Regulates biological processes.
-Maintains metabolism and blood sugar.
-Made up of hormones.
Organs:
-Ovaries/Testes
-Pituitary Gland
-Thyroid Gland
-Adrenal Gland
73
Q

Describe the function(s) and major parts of the reproductive system.

A 
Functions:
-Produces egg and sperm cells.
-Transports these cells.
-Nurtures developing offspring.
-Produces hormones.
Organs:
-Male:
  -Prostate
  -Testes
  -Penis
-Female:
  -Ovaries
  -Uterus
  -Cervix
  -Vagina
74
Q

Describe the function(s) and major parts of the digestive system.

A 
Functions:
-Breaks down food into nutrients.
-Discards excess.
Organs:
-Mouth
-Pharynx (Throat)
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Small Intestine
-Large Intestine
-Rectum
-Anus
75
Q

Describe the function(s) and major parts of the urinary system.

A 
Functions:
-Filters blood.
-Creates waste products (urine).
Organs:
-Kidneys
-Renal Pelvis
-Ureters
-Bladder
-Urethra
76
Q

Describe the function(s) and major parts of the lymphatic system.

A 
Functions:
-Maintains fluid levels in body tissues.
-Protects the body from illnesses.
-Removes cellular waste.
Organs:
-Bone Marrow
-Thymus
-Lymph Nodes
-Spleen
-Tonsils
77
Q

Describe the function(s) and major parts of the respiratory system.

A 
Functions:
-Helps/allows you to breathe.
-Cleans waste gases from the bloodstream.
Organs:
-Lungs
-Nose
-Trachea
-Diaphragm
-Intercoastal Muscles

Anatomy & Physiology (2 decks)

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