Anatomic Landmarks Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
2 types of bone?
A
Cortical bone
Cancellous bone
2
Q
The term cortical is derived from the Latin word cortex and means?
A
outer layer
3
Q
Also referred to as compact bone.
A
Cortical bone
4
Q
The dense outer layer of bone.
A
Cortical bone
5
Q
- Cortical bone resists the passage of the xray beam and appears ___________ on a dental image.
- The _______________ is composed of cortical bone.
A
- radiopaque
- inferior border of the mandible
6
Q
The term cancellous is also derived from Latin and means _____________?
A
“arranged like a lattice.”
7
Q
The soft, spongy bone located between two layers of dense cortical bone.
A
Cancellous bone
8
Q
Composed of numerous bony trabeculae that form a lattice-like network of intercommunicating spaces filled with bone marrow.
A
Cancellous bone
9
Q
The _________, actual pieces of bone, resist the passage of the x-ray beam and appear _______; in contrast, the _________ permit the passage of the x-ray beam and appear _______.
A
- trabeculae; radiopaque
- marrow spaces; radiolucent
10
Q
The LARGER the trabeculations, the more _________ the area of cancellous bone appears.
A
radiolucent
11
Q
Cancellous bone appears predominantly ________.
A
radiolucent
12
Q
Composed of dense cortical bone and appear radiopaque on dental images
A
Prominences of the bone.
13
Q
5 prominences of the bone?
A
process
ridge
spine
tubercle
tuberosity
14
Q
A marked prominence or projection of bone.
A
Process
15
Q
A linear prominence or projection of bone
A
Ridge
16
Q
A sharp, thorn-like projection of bone.
A
Spine
17
Q
A small bump or nodule of bone.
A
Tubercle
18
Q
A rounded prominence of bone.
A
Tuberosity
19
Q
Do not resist the passage of the x-ray beam and appear radiolucent on dental images.
A
Spaces and depressions in bone
20
Q
4 types of spaces and depressions in bone
A
canal
foramen
fossa
sinus
21
Q
A tubelike passageway through bone that contains nerves and blood.
A
Canal
22
Q
An opening or hole in bone that permits the passage of nerves and blood vessels.
A
Foramen
23
Q
A broad, shallow, scooped-out or depressed area of bone.
A
Fossa
24
Q
A hollow space, cavity, or recess in bone.
A
Sinus
25
A bony wall or partition that divides two spaces or cavities. May be present within the space of a fossa or sinus.
Septum
26
A bony septum appears _________, in contrast to a space or cavity, which appears ________.
radiopaque; radiolucent
27
An immovable joint that represents a line of union between adjoining bones of the skull.
Sutures
28
Sutures are only found in the?
skull
29
A suture appears as a ___________.
thin radiolucent line
30
Also known as
the nasopalatine foramen.
Incisive foramen
31
An opening or hole in bone located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors.
Incisive foramen
32
The _____________ nerve exits the maxilla through the incisive foramen.
nasopalatine nerve
33
Appears as a small, ovoid or round radiolucent area located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors
Incisive foramen
34
Are two tiny openings or holes in bone that are located on the floor of the nasal cavity
Superior foramina of incisive canal
35
The openings of two small canals that extend downward and medially from the floor
of the nasal cavity
Superior foramina of incisive canal
36
These superior foramina join together to form the _________ and share a common exit, the ________
incisive canal
incisive foramen
37
The nasopalatine nerve enters the maxilla through the ________, travels through the _________, and exits at the __________.
- superior foramina
- incisive canal
- incisive foramen.
38
Appear as two small, round radiolucencies located superior to the apices of the maxillary central incisors.
Superior foramina of incisive canal
39
A suture is the immovable joint between the two palatine processes of the maxilla.
Median Palatal Suture
40
Extends from the alveolar bone between the maxillary central incisors to the posterior hard palate.
Median Palatal Suture
41
- Appears as a thin
radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors.
- Is bounded on both sides by dense cortical bone that appears radiopaque.
- As it fuses with age, it may become less distinct on a dental image.
Median Palatal Suture
42
A smooth, depressed area of the maxilla located just inferior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between maxillary canine and lateral incisors.
Lateral fossa
43
Appears as a radiolucent area between the maxillary canine and lateral incisor.
Lateral fossa
44
A pear-shaped compartment of bone
located superior to the maxilla.
Nasal cavity
45
The inferior portion, or floor, of the nasal cavity is formed by the __________ of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of ____________.
- palatal processes
- palatine bones
46
The lateral walls of the nasal cavity
are formed by the _________ and the _________.
ethmoid bone
maxillae
47
The nasal cavity is divided by a bony partition, or wall, called the _________.
nasal septum
48
Appears as a large, radiolucent area superior to the maxillary incisors.
Nasal cavity
49
The nasal cavity is also known as?
nasal fossa
50
A vertical bony wall or partition that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae.
Nasal septum.
51
The nasal septum is formed by cartilage and two bones which are?
the vomer and a portion of the ethmoid bone.
52
Appears as a vertical radiopaque partition that divides the nasal cavity. May be superimposed over the median palatal suture.
Nasal septum
53
A bony wall formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of palatine bones.
Floor of the nasal cavity
54
The floor is composed of dense cortical bone and defines the __________ of the nasal cavity.
inferior border
55
Appears as a dense radiopaque band of bone superior to the maxillary incisors.
Floor of the nasal cavity
56
A sharp projection of the maxilla located at the anterior and
inferior portion of the nasal cavity.
Anterior nasal spine
57
Appears as a V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum.
Anterior nasal spine
58
Are wafer-thin, curved plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity.
Inferior nasal conchae
59
Are seen in the lower lateral portions of the nasal cavity.
Inferior nasal conchae
60
The term concha is derived from Latin and means ?
“shell shaped” or “scroll shaped.”
61
Appear as diffuse radiopaque masses or projections within the nasal cavity.
Inferior nasal conchae
62
Are paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla.
Maxillary sinus
63
Maxillary sinuses are located superior to maxillary _____ and ____ teeth. Rarely does the maxillary sinus extend anteriorly beyond the ______.
- premolar and molar
- canines
64
TRUE OR FALSE
At birth, the maxillary sinus is the size of a small pea. With growth, the maxillary sinus expands and eventually occupies a large portion of the maxilla.
TRUE
65
The maxillary sinus may extend to include ? (3)
- interdental bone
- molar furcation areas
- maxillary tuberosity region
66
Appears as a radiolucent area located superior to the apices of maxillary premolars and molars.
Maxillary sinus
67
The ______ of the maxillary sinus is composed of dense cortical bone and appears as a __________ line.
floor
radiopaque
68
May be seen within the maxillary sinus. Are bony walls or partitions that appear to divide the maxillary sinus into compartments.
Septa Within Maxillary Sinus
69
Appear as radiopaque lines within the maxillary sinus
Septa Within Maxillary Sinus
70
May be seen within maxillary sinuses. These are tiny, tubelike passageways through bone, which contain blood vessels and nerves that supply maxillary teeth and interdental areas.
Nutrient canals within maxillary sinus
71
Appears as a narrow radiolucent band bounded by two thin radiopaque lines. The radiopaque lines represent the cortical bone that makes up the walls of the canal.
Nutrient canals within maxillary sinus
72
Refers to the intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity as viewed on a dental image.
Inverted Y
73
Appears as a radiopaque upside-down Y formed by the intersection of the lateral wall of the nasal fossa and the anterior border of the maxillary sinus.
Inverted Y
74
The inverted Y is located superior to the maxillary _______-.
canine
75
A rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region. Blood vessels and nerves enter the maxilla in this region and supply posterior teeth
Maxillary tuberosity
76
Appears as a radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar region.
Maxillary tuberosity
77
A small, hooklike projection of bone extending from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone. Located posterior to the maxillary tuberosity region.
Hamulus
78
Appears as a radiopaque hooklike projection posterior to the maxillary tuberosity area.
Hamulus
79
A bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma, or malar bone. It is composed of dense cortical bone.
Zygomatic process of the maxilla
80
Appears as a J-shaped or U-shaped radiopacity located superior to the maxillary first molar region.
Zygomatic process of the maxilla
81
the "cheekbone"
Zygoma
82
Referred to as the malar bone
Zygoma
83
Articulates with the zygomatic process of the maxilla. It is composed of dense cortical bone.
Zygoma
84
Appears as a diffuse radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla
Zygoma
85
The term mandible comes from Latin mandibula meaning _______.
jaw bone
86
The horseshoe-shaped bone that forms the lower jaw bone. It is the largest and strongest bone of the face.
Mandible
87
The vertical portion of the mandible that is found posterior to the third molar.
Ramus
88
How many ramus does the mandible have?
Two (on each side)
89
The horizontal, U-shaped portion that extends from ramus to ramus.
Body of the mandible
90
The corner portion formed by the junction of the posterior and lower borders of the ramus.
Angle of the mandible
91
The corner portion formed by the junction of the posterior and lower borders of the ramus.
Angle of mandible
92
The portion of the mandible that encases and supports teeth
Alveolar process
93
The mandible is a single bone that is divided into the what sections? (4)
1. ramus
2. body
3. angle
4. alveolar process
94
Are tiny bumps of bone that serve as attachment sites for the genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles.
Genial tubercles
95
Genial tubercles are located on the _____ aspect of the mandible.
lingual
96
Appear as a ring-shaped radiopacity inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors.
Genial tubercles
97
A tiny opening or hole in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible.
Lingual foramen
98
- Appears as a small, radiolucent dot located inferior to the apices of the mandibular incisors.
- It is surrounded by genial tubercles, which appear as a ___________.
- Lingual foramen
- radiopaque ring
99
The lingual foramen is located near the midline and is surrounded by _____________.
genial tubercles
100
Are tubelike passageways through bone that contain nerves and blood vessels that supply teeth.
Nutrient canals
101
Are most often seen in the anterior mandible, a region that typically has thin bone.
Interdental nutrient canals
102
Appear as vertical radiolucent bands.
Are readily seen in areas of thin bone. In the edentulous mandible, they may be more prominent.
Nutrient canals
103
A linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible.
Mental ridge
104
The mental ridge extends from the __________ region to the midline and slopes slightly upward.
premolar
105
Appears as a thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region.
Mental ridge
106
On a dental image, the mental ridge often appears ____________ over ___________ teeth.
superimposed; mandibular anterior
107
A scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the external surface of the anterior mandible.
Mental fossa
108
The mental fossa is located above the mental ridge in the ______________ region.
mandibular incisor
109
Appears as a radiolucent area above the mental ridge.
Mental fossa
110
On a dental image, the appearance of the mental fossa varies and is determined by the thickness of the bone in the ________ region of the mandible.
anterior
111
An opening or hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars.
Mental foramen
112
Blood vessels and nerves that supply the lower lip exit through the _______________-.
mental foramen
113
Appears as a small, ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars.
Mental foramen
114
The mental foramen may be misdiagnosed as a PERIAPICAL LESION (________, _______, or ______) because of its apical location.
periapical cyst, granuloma, or abscess
115
A tubelike passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible.
Mandibular canal
116
The mandibular canal extends from the ____________ to the ____________ and houses the ___________ and blood vessels.
- mandibular foramen; mental foramen
- inferior alveolar nerve
117
Appears as a radiolucent band. Appears below or superimposed over the apices of the mandibular molar teeth.
Mandibular canal
118
The mylohyoid ridge is also known as?
internal oblique ridge
119
A linear prominence of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible.
Mylohyoid ridge
120
The mylohyoid ridge extends from the ________ region downward and forward to the __________ area.
third molar; second premolar
121
Appears as a dense radiopaque band that extends downward and forward from the third molar region at the level of the apices of the posterior teeth.
Mylohyoid ridge
122
The mylohyoid ridge usually appears most prominently in the _______ region and may be superimposed over the roots of the mandibular teeth.
molar
123
The external oblique ridge is also known as?
external oblique line
124
A linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible.
External oblique ridge
125
The ________ border of the ramus ends in the external oblique ridge.
anterior
126
Appears as a radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
External oblique ridge
127
The external oblique ridge typically ends in the mandibular ________ region.
third molar
128
Extends vertically downward from the coronoid process to the external oblique ridge.
Anterior border of the ramus
129
May be seen as a slightly radiopaque vertical band posterior to the maxillary and mandibular molars.
Anterior border of the ramus
130
The submandibular fossa is also known as? (2)
Mandibular fossa or submaxillary fossa
131
A scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge.
Submandibular fossa
132
The ___________ is found in the submandibular fossa.
Submandibular salivary gland
133
Appears as a radiolucent area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge. Few bony trabeculae are usually seen in this region.
Submandibular fossa
134
A marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible. It serves as an attachment site for one of the muscles of mastication.
Coronoid process
135
Not seen on a mandibular periapical image but may appear on a maxillary molar periapical image.
Appears as a triangular radiopacity superimposed over, or inferior to, the maxillary tuberosity region.
Coronoid process
136
The densest structure found in the human body.
Enamel
137
The outermost radiopaque layer of the crown of a tooth.
Enamel
138
Found beneath the enamel layer of a tooth and surrounds the pulp cavity. It appears radiopaque and makes up the majority of the tooth structure.
Dentin
139
Which is more radiopaque? Enamel or dentin?
Enamel
140
The junction between the dentin and the enamel of a tooth.
- Dentino-enamel junction (DEJ)
141
The DEJ appears as a line where the _______ (very radiopaque) meets the ________ (less radiopaque).
enamel; dentin
142
The pulp cavity consists of (2)?
Pulp chamber
Pulp canals
143
It contains blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics and appears relatively radiolucent on a dental image.
Pulp cavity
144
Pulp cavity is larger in? (children / adults?)
Children
145
Pulp cavity decreases in size with age due to the formation of ______________.
Secondary dentin
146
Serves as the supporting structure for teeth. It is the bone of the maxilla and the mandible that supports and encases the roots of teeth. It is composed of dense cortical bone and cancellous bone.
Alveolar process / alveolar bone
147
The anatomic landmarks of the alveolar process include (3)?
lamina dura, the alveolar crest, and the periodontal ligament space.
148
The wall of the tooth socket that surrounds the root of a tooth. It is made up of dense cortical bone.
Lamina dura
149
Appears as a dense radiopaque line that surrounds the root of a tooth.
Lamina dura
150
The most coronal portion of alveolar bone found between teeth. It is made up of dense cortical bone and is continuous with the lamina dura.
Alveolar crest
151
Appears radiopaque and is typically located 1.5 to 2.0 mm below the junction of the crown and the root surfaces (the cementoenamel junction).
Alveolar crest
152
The space between the root of the tooth and the lamina dura. It contains connective tissue fibers, blood vessels, and lymphatics
Periodontal Ligament Space
153
Appears as a thin radiolucent line around the root of a tooth. In the healthy periodontium, it appears as a continuous radiolucent line of uniform thickness.
Periodontal Ligament Space
154
- Healthy alveolar crest located in the anterior region appears ___________ between teeth.
- The alveolar crest appears as a dense ________ line in the anterior region.
- pointed and sharp
- radiopaque
155
- Healthy alveolar crest located in the posterior region appears at and ______ between teeth.
- The alveolar crest located in the posterior region tends to appear __________ and __________ than the alveolar crest seen in the anterior region.
- smooth
- less dense; less radiopaque
