Anatomic Position and Terms of Reference Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

anatomic or anatomical position

A

a term of reference that health professionals use when noting body planes, positions, or directions: the person is assumed to be standing upright (erect), facing forward, feet pointed forward and slightly apart, with arms at the sides and palms facing forward; the patient is visualized in this pose when applying any other term of reference

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2
Q

body planes

A

reference planes for indicating the location or direction of body parts

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3
Q

coronal/frontal plane

A

vertical division of the body into front (anterior) and back (posterior) portions

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4
Q

sagittal plane

A

vertical division of the body into right and left portions

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5
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal division of the body into upper and lower portions

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6
Q

anterior (A)

ventral

A

front of the body

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7
Q

posterior (P)

dorsal

A

back of the body

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8
Q

anterior-posterior

AP

A

from front to back, as in reference to the direction of an x-ray

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9
Q

posterior-anterior

PA

A

from back to front, as in reference to the direction of an x-ray

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10
Q

superior

cephalic

A

situated above another structure, toward the head

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11
Q

inferior

caudal

A

situated below another structure, away from the head

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12
Q

proximal

A

toward the beginning or origin of a structure; for example, the proximal aspect of the femur (thigh bone) is the area closest to where it attaches to the hip

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13
Q

distal

A

away from the beginning or origin of a structure; for example, the distal aspect of the femur (thigh bone) is the area at the end of the bone near the knee

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14
Q

medial

A

toward the middle (midline)

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15
Q

lateral

A

toward the side

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16
Q

axis

A

the imaginary line that runs through the center of the body or a body part

17
Q

erect

A

normal standing position

18
Q

decubitus

A

lying down, especially in a bed; lateral decubitus is lying on the side (decumbo= to lie down)

19
Q

prone

A

lying face down and flat

20
Q

recumbent

21
Q

supine

A

horizontal recumbent; lying flat on the back (“on the spine”)

22
Q

flexion

A

bending at the joint so that the angle between the bones is decreased

23
Q

extension

A

straightening at the joint so that the angle between the bones is increased

24
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the body

25
adduction
movement toward the body
26
rotation
circular movement around an axis
27
eversion
turning outward, i.e., of a foot
28
inversion
turning inward, i.e., of a foot
29
supination
turning of the palmar surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot) upward or forward
30
pronation
turning of the palmar surface (palm of the hand) or plantar surface (sole of the foot) downward or backward
31
dorsiflexion
bending of the foot or toes upward
32
plantar flexion
bending of the sole of the foot by curling the toes toward the ground
33
range of motion (ROM)
total motion possible in a joint, described by the terms related to body movements (i.e., ability to flex, extend, abduct, or adduct); measured in degrees
34
goniometer
instrument used to measure joint angles (gonio=angle)